这部纪录片中，有一些画面会令观众不悦， 包括档案记载的照片及对战争激烈氛围的记录。 建议观众谨慎观看
‐ General Grant. -格兰特将军。
‐ Retain your sidearms, General. -收好你的防身武器吧，将军。
‐ You'll go after Lee. -你要去追击李将军。
You'll go after him until he's finished. 你要追击他，直到他完蛋。
It all depends on you. 这下要看你的了。
‐ Gentlemen.‐ Grant may have won -先生们。 -格兰特可能会
some victories in the west, but this is Virginia. 在西部战场上取胜，但这里是弗吉尼亚。
‐ We'll cross the Rapidan into the Wilderness. -我们将渡过拉皮丹河，进入荒野地带。
‐ His army is twice ours, sir. -他的兵力是我们的两倍，长官。
‐ Well, we'll just have to even the odds, ‐嗯，我们之间的胜率的相等的，
catch them before they get through the Wilderness. 在他们通过荒原地带之前，缠住他们。
‐ Scouts say Grant's packing up. -侦察兵报告，格兰特正在收拾东西。
Finally retreating, sir. 他们终于要撤退了，长官。
‐ No, he's not a retreating man. -不，他不是一个会撤退的人。
‐ We're heading south? ‐ To Richmond. ‐我们往南走? -去里士满。
‐ Richmond? ‐ To Richmond. -去里士满？ -去里士满。
‐ We're headed south! -我们往南走！
‐ Very few people really know who Ulysses S. Grant was. 很少有人真正了解尤利西斯 S.格兰特。
‐ Today there is this sense that he's forgotten. -今天，大家似乎都要将他遗忘。
‐ He's been called so many things over the years. -这些年来，他一直被冠以以下的称呼。
‐ The greatest general of his time. -他那个时代，最伟大的将军。
‐ A military genius. -一个军事天才。
‐ A bloody butcher. -一个血腥的屠夫。
‐ A corrupt president. -一个腐败的总统。
‐ A belligerent drunk who got lucky. -一个走运的好战酒鬼。
He didn't get lucky. -他并不走运。
‐ Ulysses S. Grant is this perfectly average, -尤利西斯 S.格兰特绝对出生于一个贫穷，艰苦的家庭，
humble individual from a poor,hardscrabble background. 他就是一个谦卑的个体。
‐ With a lot of hard times and failures in his life. ‐在他的生活中有很多艰难的时刻和失败。
‐ But he's got this dogged determination, -但他怀揣着斗牛犬般的
this bulldog mentality. 决心和意志。
‐ This guy comes from nothing, -这家伙从身无分文，
rises to the highest ranks 却在联邦军队中军中
of the Union army. 擢升为最高军衔。
‐ Fights bloody, terrible battles. -打起仗来不要命，尤擅在逆境中作战。
‐ With indomitable will. -有着不屈不挠的意志。
‐ To save the Union. -挽救联邦。
‐ To heal his country. -治愈这个国家。
‐ To lead the nation towards justice for everybody. -带领这个国家的每个人走向公正。
‐ He's the unheroic hero -在美国内战期间，在这个伟大民族史诗中，
of our greatest national epic,the American Civil War. 他是最不像英雄的英雄。
‐ It's truly an American story -这是一个真实的美国故事，
not only of patriotism to the nation 不光是讲述我们这个民族的爱国主义，
but for the values of who we are 也是在探究我们是谁，以及
and who we aspire to be. 我们渴望成为什么样的人。
格兰特 翻译：hardstick 校订：hardstick
1864年五月8日，弗吉尼亚北部
‐ Fall in! -集合！
‐ The armies were now ready to move ‐各部队现在准备为完成
for the accomplishment of a single goal: 一个目标而行动:
Lee, in the capital of the Confederacy, Richmond. 李将军，在邦联的首都-里士满。
That was the main end to which all were working. 这是所有人都在努力的主要目的。
‐ When Grant marches off in 1864, ‐1864年格兰特出征， （巴顿 A.梅耶斯，伦理学和历史学教授，华盛顿及李大学）
it's gonna set off a titanic struggle 这将引发一场为结束战争而进行的
for the end of the war. 巨大战斗。 （巴顿 A.梅耶斯，伦理学和历史学教授，华盛顿及李大学）
Grant is going to keep their focus lasered on 格兰特将把他们的注意力集中在
to Robert E. Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia 罗伯特 E.李和北弗吉尼亚方面军上，
because Grant understood the destruction of Lee's army 因为格兰特明白，摧毁李将军的军队
meant the destruction of the Confederacy. 就意味着摧毁了南方邦联。
At the beginning of the campaign, 在战斗开始时，
Grant mentions to a correspondent 格兰特向一名前往
who's headed off to Washington, D. C.‐‐ 华盛顿特区的记者提到...
he says to him, "If you get through the lines 他跟他说，“如果你们能穿过防线，
"and you make it and you see President Lincoln, “见到林肯总统，
"tell him from me that whatever happens, “请代我告诉他，无论发生什么，
there will be no turning back." 都没有回头路了。”
‐ After the Wilderness,Grant heads south, ‐荒野地带之战之后，格兰特向南进军， （伊桑.拉福斯，军事历史教授，美国陆军指挥及参谋学院）
and it's just sustained combat. 这只是持续的战斗。 （伊桑.拉福斯，军事历史教授，美国陆军指挥及参谋学院）
He just keeps seeing these opportunities, and he attacks, 他只是不断地看到这些机会，他攻击，
and he attacks, and he attacks. 他攻击，他再攻击。
And it rains,and the weather is miserable, 下雨了，天气很糟糕，
but they just keep going for weeks. 但他们还是坚持了好几个星期。
‐ The battles of the Wilderness, ‐荒野之战，
Spotsylvania, and North Anna, 斯波特瑟西瓦尼亚和北安娜战役
bloody and terrible though they were on our side, 对于我方来说，却是血腥和可怕的，
were even more damaging to our enemy. 对我方的伤害比敌人更大。
‐ In some of the most savage fighting of the war, ‐在战争中一些最野蛮的战斗中，
you see 5 1/2 weeks of constant movement, 你会看到持续5个半星期的移动，
constant entrenching,constant fighting 持续的堑壕战，持续的战斗，
that ultimately will produce 55,000 Union casualties, 最终造成了55000名北方联邦军伤亡， （布莱恩.马修.乔丹，历史学教授，萨姆休斯顿州立大学）
35,000 Confederate casualties. 35000名南方邦联军伤亡。 （布莱恩.马修.乔丹，历史学教授，萨姆休斯顿州立大学）
Now Grant's men are simply exhausted. 现在格兰特的队伍已经精疲力竭了。
By the time Grant reaches 当格兰特到达冷港的
the crucial crossroads of Cold Harbor, 关键十字路口时，
these soldiers understand keenly what's ahead. 这些士兵敏锐地了解到了前方的情况。
And it's more loss.It's more rivers of blood. 这是更多的损失。更多的是血流成河。
‐ If you're a soldier,you think, ‐如果你是一名士兵，你会想: （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
"Our chances aren't good." “我们的机会不大。” （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
And this is when we have heartbreaking stories of men 这时我们就会听到令人心碎的故事， （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
writing on sheets of paper, 人们在纸上写着:
"Today was the day I was killed at Cold Harbor," “如果今天是我在冷港战死”，
and pinning that to the inside of their uniforms. 并把它钉在他们的军服内侧。
But Grant still believes that Lee's army is almost broken. 但格兰特仍然认为，李将军的军队几乎要崩溃了。
"All I have to do is push a little bit harder, “我所要做的就是，再加把劲儿，
and they will break." 他们就垮了。”
Company, prepare! 全连准备！ （弗吉尼亚州，冷港）
Keep pressing forward! 继续向前推进！
Hold your ground! 坚守阵地！
Come on, boys! 来吧，小伙子们！
Let's go, let's go, let's go! Come on! 冲啊，冲啊！冲啊！来吧！
Move it! Let's go! 快速！我们冲啊！
Go, go, go! 冲，冲，冲！
Let's show them what Ohio's worth! 让他们见识一下我们俄亥俄州人的厉害！
Advance! 前进！
‐ Cold Harbor was a disaster. -冷港之战是一场灾难。
Robert E. Lee's army had set up crossfire positions. 罗伯特 E.李设置了阵地交叉火力。
They had an enormous advantage, 他们占据了巨大的优势，
and within only five hours' time, 在短短5个小时内，
Grant's army had sustained 格兰特的军队
thousands of casualties in one morning assault. 在一个上午的突击中，就损失了数千人。
‐ One Union soldier likened that combat at Cold Harbor ‐一名联邦士兵将冷港的战斗
to a volcanic blast, 比作火山爆发，
that wasn't war;it was murder. 那不是战争，而是谋杀。
‐ Grant is a very aggressive general, 格兰特是一个非常好斗的将军，
and we see that in several mistakes 我们可以从他在整个战争中
that he makes throughout the war, 所犯的一些错误中看到这一点，
including Cold Harbor. 包括冷港之战。 （蒂莫西.B.史密斯，田纳西州立大学马丁分校历史教授）
Some have said Cold Harbor was the price that the Union 有人说，冷港之战是北方联邦军为了让格兰特 （蒂莫西.B.史密斯，田纳西州立大学马丁分校历史教授）
had to pay to have Grant as their commander. 成为他们的指挥官，而必须付出的代价。
‐ I have always regretted ‐我一直很后悔
the last assault at Cold Harbor. 最后一次突袭冷港。
No advantage whatever was gained to compensate 我们所遭受的重大损失
for the heavy loss we sustained. 得不到任何补偿。
‐ By 1864, people are tired. ‐到1864年，人们都累了。
There is no clear winner, 没有明确的赢家，
and there is no clear end in sight 这场冲突也看不到
for this conflict. 明确的结束。
We have over 600,000 people dead, 我们有超过60万人死亡， （克里斯蒂.科尔曼，首席执行官，美国内战博物馆）
and people are tired of it. 人们已经厌倦了。 （克里斯蒂.科尔曼，首席执行官，美国内战博物馆）
‐ The Northern public was craving some good news. ‐北方民众渴望听到一些好消息。
Initially, the morale in the North had been buoyed 最初，北方的士气被格兰特
by this new decisiveness of Grant after the Wilderness, 在荒野之战后的果断所鼓舞，
and they demanded a quick victory. 他们要求速战速决。
But by the time Grant reaches Cold Harbor, 但当格兰特打了冷港之战后，
they were impatient 他们已经不耐烦了，
as the rivers of blood continued. 因为血流成河了。
弗吉尼亚，冷港，联邦军战地指挥所
‐ That's it, General.One more in a minute, sir. ‐就是这样，将军。一分钟后再拍一张，长官。
‐ General Grant, our readers are keen to understand -格兰特将军，我们的读者很想知道
how you lost so many men during this campaign. 您是如何在这场战役中，损失了这么多人的。
‐ Lee had the advantage of being on the defensive. ‐李将军的优势是，他处于守势。
He was entrenched. 他是根深蒂固的。
I had to attack his army where it was, 我必须攻击他的军队，
and I made him pay. 让他付出代价。
‐ Cold Harbor, General,12,000 good Union men dead, ‐冷港之战，将军，12000名优秀的联邦士兵死亡，
wounded, and missing. 受伤，和失踪。
‐ Do you have a question? ‐ Was it worth it, sir? ‐你还有什么问题吗? ‐这值得吗，先生?
What did you gain? 你获得了什么？
‐ General Grant, sir, if you please? -格兰特将军，先生，你是否可以再？
‐ General, you haven't answered my question. ‐将军，你还没有回答我的问题。
‐ Hold, please. -请保持姿势。
‐ Cold Harbor, 12,000. What did we gain? ‐冷港，12,000。我们得到了什么?
‐ We lost a lot of boys your age... ‐我们失去了很多，你这个年纪的男孩们…
fighting to keep this country together. 他们是为这个国家战死的。
What have you done for the Union? 你为联邦政府做了些什么？
‐ General Grant, sir, -格兰特将军，先生，
if you please? 能否再拍一张照片吗？
‐ They called me a butcher. ‐他们叫我屠夫。
‐ Hold, please. -请保持姿势。
‐ I sometimes could hardly bring myself ‐在战斗中，我有时很难
to give an order at battle. 让自己下命令。
‐ He wasn't a butcher. ‐他不是屠夫。
Many casualties came out of the overland campaign, 陆上战役造成了许多伤亡，
but it was fundamentally necessary 但这对赢得战争来说
in order to win the war. 是必不可少的。
Robert E. Lee lost 50% of his entire army 罗伯特 E.李在同样的时间里
during the exact same duration, 损失了50%的军队，
but is Lee remembered as a butcher? 但人们记得李是一个屠夫吗?
‐ Being in command of a... of a large effort, ‐要想掌控一个…一个巨大的成就，
being the commander is a pretty unique experience. 成为指挥官，就是一种非常独特的体验。
You know, there's no one in whom you can confide. 你要知道，你无法向任何人倾诉你的终肠。 （戴维.彼得雷乌斯，退休将军，美国陆军）
It's a‐‐it is a lo‐‐it's lonely at the top, as they say. 常言道...这是...高处不胜寒的感觉。 （戴维.彼得雷乌斯，退休将军，美国陆军）
And the casualties are going to be tough, 惨重的伤亡使得格兰特心肠如铁石，
and Grant is experiencing the butcher's bill, 而他也在承受，人们冠之以
as they termed it. “屠夫”的痛苦。 （戴维 H.彼得雷乌斯，退休将军，美国陆军）
And it takes a great deal of,again, just sheer fortitude, 这需要很大的刚毅，
sheer determination to continue on 只顾继续前进，
and not let this grind you down. 不让痛苦打倒你。
‐ What Grant accomplishes after Cold Harbor is, I think, ‐格兰特在冷港之后的成就，我认为
one of his most impressive feats of the war. 是他在战争中最令人印象深刻的功绩之一。
Grant decides to flank the Army of Northern Virginia 格兰特决定从侧翼包抄北维吉尼亚方面军，
and then cross the even more formidable obstacle 然后渡过詹姆斯河，
of the James River. 这一更可怕的天堑。
‐ He's trying to keep the initiative, ‐他试图保持主动，
continue the momentum,drive the energy, 保持势头，驱动能量，
and force Lee to react to what he's doing. 并迫使李将军对他所做的事情，做出反应。
This is one of his great strengths. 这是他的一大优势。
‐ It's an incredibly dangerous maneuver ‐调动如此规模的军队
to move an army of that size across a major body of water, 穿越大片水域，是非常危险的行动，
especially whenever you're faced off against an enemy 尤其是当你面对像罗伯特 E.李
as wily as the Gray Fox,Robert E. Lee. 这样老奸巨猾的敌人时。
And so he finds a way,secretly, at night, 于是他找到了一个方法，在夜里秘密地，
to take an army of 115,000 带着一支11.5万人的军队
and disappear. 消失了。
And Robert E. Lee misses this. 罗伯特 E.李疏忽了这一点。
He misses the movement of Grant's army. 他疏忽了格兰特军队的动向。
‐ To my dear wife, Julia. -致我最亲爱的妻子，朱莉娅。
Since Sunday,we have been engaged 从星期天开始，我们进行了
in one of the most perilous movements ever executed 大规模军队所执行过的最危险的
by a large army, 行动之一，
that of withdrawing from the front of an enemy 即从敌人的正面撤退，
and moving past his flank, 从他的侧翼过去，
crossing the James River with a bridge we have to improvise. 用一座我们必须临时搭建的桥，穿过詹姆斯河。
‐ U. S. Grant sets out to construct -U.S.格兰特着手建造一个
something that nobody thought could be constructed: 没人认为可以建造的东西:
an actual pontoon bridge 一座横跨2000英尺
across a 2,000‐foot span of the James River. 詹姆斯河的真正浮桥。
The bridge consists of pontoon boats, 这座桥由浮筒船组成， （加里.阿德尔曼，历史学家，美国战场遗址托管基金会）
rather large boats that have excellent buoyancy, 浮力非常好， （加里.阿德尔曼，历史学家，美国战场遗址托管基金会）
strung together and connected by wooden planks. 由木板串在一起连接。
And through these bridges, 通过这些桥梁，
you could march not only soldiers 你不仅可以运送士兵，
but also artillery,supplies, and whatnot. 还可以运送火炮、补给品等物资。
‐ This is the largest pontoon bridge ‐这是整个战争期间
built during the entire war. 建造的最大浮桥。
They built it in seven hours.I mean, think about that. 他们花了7个小时就建好了。我是说，在当时的条件下。
He's gonna cross 100,000 men across the James River, 他要带十万兵力穿过詹姆斯河，
including these wagons and artillery. 包括这些马车和大炮。
But just think about the engineering feat that that is. 但想想这是一项工程的壮举。
That's remarkable. 这是非凡的。
‐ And so Grant gets across the James River, -格兰特就这样渡过了詹姆斯河，
which will put his forces in assaulting position 这将使他的部队进入进攻位置，
onto the crucial rail hub of Petersburg, Virginia. 进攻维吉尼亚州彼得斯堡的重要铁路枢纽。
‐ Petersburg is the logistics hub, 彼得斯堡是物流枢纽
the transportation hub. 和交通枢纽。
It's connected to all the supplies 它连接着所有可以从
that can come up from the south. 南方运来的物资。
If Lee is gonna maintain his army, 李将军要维持他的军队，
let alone Richmond, the city,he needs Petersburg. 连里士满都不顾了，他需要彼得斯堡。
So Grant understands this. 格兰特明白这一点。
And so by threatening Petersburg, 通过威胁彼得斯堡，
he, in fact, threatens Richmond. 他实际上也威胁到了里士满。
And now we are talking about a siege. 现在，我们又要说到围城战了。
‐ Colonel Pleasants, what's this plan of yours? -普拉森特上校，你的计划是什么？
‐ Our Pennsylvania boys are coal miners. ‐我们宾夕法尼亚州的男孩们是煤矿工人。
They can tunnel right underneath their lines. 他们可以在防线下面挖地道。
‐ How far? ‐ About 150 yards, sir. -能挖多远？ -差不多150码，长官。
They dig a shaft right underneath them. 他们可以先挖一个竖井，通到下面。
We fill the chamber with powder and blow those rebs sky‐high. 我们在洞穴里装满火药，然后把那些叛军炸上天。
‐ Could it break through their fortifications? ‐这样能突破他们的防御工事吗?
‐ General, we have no assurances this will work. ‐将军，我们无法保证，这方法会奏效。
‐ My boys can do it.‐ We have to consider‐‐ -我的小伙子们能做这个。 -我们得考虑这个建议...
‐ Once the line is broken, we go in. -一旦敌人防线被破坏，我们就能冲进去。
We need to move quickly after the blast. 爆炸发生后，我们得迅速行动。
Have artillery ready to support the charge. 准备好火炮支援冲锋。
How big a hole will it blow? ‐ No one can say, sir. 它会炸出多大的洞? ‐没人能说清楚，长官。
But it'll be an awful lot of powder. 但这需要大量火药。
‐ Ulysses S. Grant had been familiar with the use of mines ‐尤利西斯 S.格兰特熟悉在维克斯堡的
tunneling under the enemy positions at Vicksburg. 敌人阵地下，挖矿山隧道的战术使用。
He tried it several times with limited success. 他试了几次，但收效甚微。
The Confederates heard the Union working. 南方邦联军听到了联邦军的行动。
They feared that there was a mine tunneling under. 他们担心地下有矿山坑道在挖。
They dug countermines down 他们也挖了反地道，
to try to drop in onto the Union troops. 企图能碰上北军挖的地道上。
They could never find it in time, however. 然而，他们永远无法及时找到它。
‐ We learned through deserters that the people believed ‐我们从逃兵那里得知，人们相信，
very wild rumors about what was going on. 那些非常荒诞的谣言，有可能成真。
They said that we had mined the whole of Petersburg 他们说，我们已经把整个彼得斯堡下面给挖空了，
and they were resting on a slumbering volcano 他们是在一座沉睡的火山上休息，
and did not know at what moment 不知道什么时候
they might expect that eruption. 就有可能喷发。
1864年七月30日，弗吉尼亚州，彼得斯堡
‐ The mine was constructed and ready to be exploded. ‐地道已建成并准备起爆。
And I wanted to take the occasion 如果可能的话，我想利用这个机会
to carry Petersburg, if I could. 拿下彼得斯堡。
‐ They packed the mine ‐ They packed the mine -他们把矿道都装满了。 -他们把矿道都装满了。
underneath the Confederate trenches 就在南军的战壕底下，
with 8,000 pounds of explosives 装了8000磅火药，
to try to blast a hole into the Confederate earthworks. 试图在南方邦联军队的工事上炸个洞。
‐ The fuse starts burning. -导火索开始点燃。
They pack sandbags so the explosion 他们把沙袋装好，这样爆炸
doesn't come out toward the Union troops. 就不会向北军的方向扩散。
‐ Go! Move, move, move! -行动，快撤，快撤！
‐ Let's go! ‐ Faster, faster! -我们一起干！ -快点，快点！
‐ Go! -快！
‐ And then the earth just shook. ‐然后大地就震动了。
It immediately killed and disintegrated 它立即杀死并炸碎了
300 South Carolinians, 300名南卡罗来纳人，
blowing a massive hole in the Confederate line. 在南军防线上炸出了一个大坑。
‐ And then the Union army ‐然后北军准备
gets ready to launch frontal assaults. 发起正面攻击。
‐ Despite all the thought that went into this attack, 尽管为这次进攻，考虑了所有的情况，
Grant's commanders put the worst possible guy in command, 格兰特的行动指挥官，还是派了一个最糟糕的人，
a guy named James Ledlie, 一个叫詹姆斯·莱德利的人，
known to be a drunk and a coward, 一个众所周知的酒鬼和懦夫，
in command of the attack. 来指挥这次进攻。
‐ The problem is that instead of going around ‐问题是，詹姆斯·莱德利没有像最初计划的那样
to the rim of the crater, as initially planned, 沿着大陷坑的边缘冲锋，
James Ledlie blunders his division 而是把他的部队错误地直接
right into the middle of the crater, 开进大陷坑的中央，
and it becomes a virtual turkey shoot. 这实际上变成了一场“射火鸡大赛”。
‐ I expected our troops not to stop in the crater at all ‐我以为我们的部队根本不会在大陷坑停留，
but to push on to the top of the hill, 而是继续向山顶推进，
which would have given us everything. 那样我们就能获得一切。
‐ And then they send in ‐然后他们派出 （布莱恩.马修.乔丹，历史学教授，萨姆休斯顿州立大学）
the United States Colored Troop regiments. 联邦军队中的黑人骑兵团。 （布莱恩.马修.乔丹，历史学教授，萨姆休斯顿州立大学）
Nothing incited the rage of a Confederate soldier 没有什么比看到一个身穿蓝色军服的
like the sight of an African‐American soldier 非洲裔美国士兵，挥舞着布枪，
wielding a musket in a blue uniform. 更能激起南方邦联士兵的愤怒了。
‐ They just start killing these guys wholesale. ‐他们开始大规模屠杀这些人。 （艾弗里.伦茨，管理员，弗雷德里克斯堡及斯波特瑟尔韦尼亚国家军事公园）
Many blacks that tried to surrender 许多试图投降的黑人 （艾弗里.伦茨，管理员，弗雷德里克斯堡及斯波特瑟尔韦尼亚国家军事公园）
are shot or bayoneted. 被枪杀或刺刀刺死。
And even white Union officers, realizing that they also have 即使是联邦军的白人军官，他们意识到
a death sentence for leading black troops, 率领黑人部队也会被判死刑，
they turn their pistols on their own soldiers 他们把手枪对准自己的士兵，
to try to save themselves. 试图自救。
‐ And so at the crater, ‐所以在大陷坑，
what you have is a racial massacre. 你看到的是一场种族屠杀。
A North Carolinian recalled his delight 一位北卡罗来纳人回忆起
at bayoneting these African‐American soldiers. 刺杀这些非裔美国士兵时的喜悦。
It was an all‐out slaughter. 这是一场全面的屠杀。
‐ They slaughtered us all. -他们把我们都宰了。
No place to go... 无处可逃...
except to die. 只有等死。
‐ The effort was a stupendous failure. -结果是惊人的失败。
It was the saddest affair I witnessed in the war. 这是我在战争中，目睹的最悲伤的事。
‐ Grant is really at fault at Petersburg -格兰特在彼得斯堡的用人
in delegating so much 真的犯了一个错误，
that it interfered with the execution of the plan. 它干扰了计划的执行。
He tries the experiment of the crater 他做过大陷坑的实验，
because he knows how important a victory is 因为他知道，在大选之年取得战场上
during the election year. 胜利的重要性。
‐ 1864 is an election year. -1864年是个大选年。
You see Abraham Lincoln 你要知道，亚伯拉罕.林肯
running for reelection on the Republican ticket. 将作为共和党要竞选连任。
The Democratic nominee is George McClellan, 民主党候选人是乔治·麦克莱伦，
who is running on a platform of peace. 他已经在操作着和平的讲台。
The Democrats in 1864 1864年，民主党人希望
want to end the war as soon as possible. 尽快结束战争。
They are fine with letting the Confederacy go. 他们想让南方邦联离开。
‐ McClellan was on record that he was willing 麦克莱伦公开表示，他愿意
to trade emancipation for peace. 用脱离换取和平。
Grant considered this little short of outright treason. 格兰特认为这是彻头彻尾的叛国。 （罗恩.切尔诺夫，《格兰特》一书的作者）
‐ People forget that there was not uniform support ‐人们忘记了北方各州并没有
for the Union effort in the Northern states. 全部致力于支持联邦政府。
Back in 1863 in New York City,there were huge draft riots. 早在1863年，纽约市发生了大规模的征兵骚乱。
There was a lot of unrest because it didn't seem 当时有很多骚乱，因为联邦政府似乎
as if the Union was prevailing. 并没有在战场取得优势。
So now Lee's only hope 所以现在李将军唯一的希望
was that Lincoln would be defeated. 就是林肯落选。
McClellan would win and sue for peace. 如果麦克莱伦当选，他会谋求和平的。
‐ To have peace on any terms, the South would demand ‐为了获得任何条件下的和平，南方将要求
the restoration of their slaves already freed. 恢复他们已被释放的奴隶。
They would demand a treaty 他们要求签订一项条约，
which would make the North slave hunters for the South. 让北方协助南方，抓捕逃奴。
‐ So '64 is a big year. -所以1864年是关键的一年。
The war's now no longer just about preserving the Union. 这场战争不再仅仅是为了维护联邦制。 （克里斯蒂.科尔曼，首席执行官，美国内战博物馆）
Now it's become a war for freedom. 现在，它成了争取自由的战争。 （克里斯蒂.科尔曼，首席执行官，美国内战博物馆）
And with the election,everything's at stake. 选举在即，战局却岌岌可危。
弗吉尼亚州，锡蒂波因特
‐ General Grant... -格兰特将军...
I hold you in the highest esteem, 我非常尊重你，
but this catastrophe in the crater... 但这次大陷坑的灾难…
Every day, I hear from the press that I'm too timid 每天，我都听到媒体说我太胆小
or too tyrannical,too weak or... too tall. 或太专横，太软弱或…太唱高调。
My reelection and the outcome 我的连任和这场
of this miserable war...depends on you. 悲惨战争的结果...都取决于你。
‐ General Sherman is at the threshold of Atlanta, -谢尔曼将军已经踏上了亚特兰大的门槛，
and I am at the threshold of Petersburg‐‐ 我也踏上了彼得斯堡的门槛...
‐ And I am at the threshold of losing the presidency. -而我却踏上了失去总统职位的门槛。
‐ Mr. President,you will never hear of me -总统先生，你再也不会听到，比我在此时，
farther from Richmond than I am now. 在里士满更进一步的坏消息了。
I will fight it out till the end. 我会战斗到底的。
‐ Hold on with a bulldog grip, -向斗牛犬般一样紧紧抓住他们，
and chew and choke as much as possible. 咀嚼他们，即使噎着也不松口。
‐ Grant is working with Lincoln, 格兰特正在与林肯合作，
very much in concert, 就如何引导战事，
on how they want to conduct this war. 进行了磋商。
And we see that in how Grant plans his campaigns. 我们可以从格兰特的战役计划中看得出来。
He's really, I think, 我认为，他是真正的
the first general that Lincoln had 林肯所拥有的首席将军，
that had an overall strategy for the entire war. 他已经对整场战争有了一个全局的战略。
‐ I mean, this is still a very fluid war, even by '64. ‐我想说的是，即使到1864年，这仍然是一场非常不稳定的战争。
So the Union needs some decisive wins. 因此，联邦政府需要一些决定性的胜利。
‐ One of the key prongs of Grant's strategy ‐格兰特削弱南方政权的战略中的一个
for the reduction of the South is, of course, to take Atlanta. 关键部分，当然是拿下亚特兰大。 （格利高里.霍斯普多，军事历史教授，美国陆军指挥及参谋学院）
‐ If you don't topple Georgia, 如果你不拿下乔治亚州，
which was one of the top manpower‐delivering states 它是南部邦联中，为战争中提供人力资源
behind the Confederate war effort, 最多的州之一，
and you don't topple Atlanta, 如果你不拿下亚特兰大，
which is a hub of industry for the South, 它是南方的工业中心，
then it makes it possible to sustain 那么，它就有可能在很长一段时间内 （巴顿 A.梅耶斯，伦理学和历史学教授，华盛顿及李大学）
the Confederate war effort for a prolonged period of time. 维持南部邦联的战争实力。 （巴顿 A.梅耶斯，伦理学和历史学教授，华盛顿及李大学）
‐ This is a no‐fail mission, and you give it to the person 这是一个绝对不能失败的任务，你要把任务交给一个
who you've developed a level of trust 你已经培养了一定信任的人，
and who you know is hard enough to do it, 你知道他足够努力，足够聪明，
smart enough to do it, 能够完成任务，
and also will do the intent of what you want them to do 也会按照你的意图去做，
rather than getting off base,and Sherman is that person. 而不是一个与你唱反调的人，谢尔曼就是那个人。
‐ Send this to General Grant at once. -把这个立即给格兰特将军发电。 （1864年八月，亚特兰大郊外）
"We are in close proximity and constantly skirmishing “敌我之间距离很近，不断发生小规模冲突， （1864年八月，亚特兰大郊外）
"but are not yet able to penetrate “但我军还是无法攻入
the city's fortifications." 城市的防御工事。”
‐ William Tecumseh Sherman would lead -威廉·特库姆塞·谢尔曼将率领
the military division of Mississippi 密西西比方面军
through northwest Georgia, 穿过乔治亚州西北部，
targeting the industrial heart of Georgia at Atlanta: 目标是位于亚特兰大的乔治亚州工业中心:
the machine shops, the mills,the factories that were 那里有各种机器车间、制造作坊和工厂。
keeping the Confederate army in the west going. 在西部维持着南方邦联军队。
‐ And it's Grant who, from afar, -正是格兰特在运筹帷幄，
is choreographing this effort. 决胜千里。
And Grant and Sherman 格兰特和谢尔曼
maintain a constant communication via telegraph 通过电报经常保持联系，
despite the more than 1,000 miles 尽管两地相隔
that intervened between them. 超过1000英里。
‐ "If you can hold tight as you are now, ‐“如果你能像现在这样守住，
you will destroy most of that army." 你将歼灭大部分敌军。”
"I would never advise going backward." “我绝不建议你回撤。”
‐ As Sherman is approaching Atlanta, ‐谢尔曼接近亚特兰大时，
Grant is sort of pushing him 格兰特催促他说:
that, "We need to get this done. “我们必须把这件事做完。
We need to take Atlanta before the election comes." 我们必须在大选之前，拿下亚特兰大。"
‐ "I have lost a good many regiments." ‐“我损失了很多团。”
Continue sending. 继续发。
"I might have to circle Atlanta before I take it, “我也许得完成包围亚特兰大，才能拿下它，
but I will take it." 但我一定要拿下它。”
1864年九月3日，弗吉尼亚州，西蒂波因特，
‐ We learned that Sherman had our troops in Atlanta. ‐我们得知谢尔曼在亚特兰大部署了我们的部队。
The news of his success set the country aglow. 他成功的消息轰动了全国。
‐ Sherman drives on Atlanta, delivering Atlanta, ‐谢尔曼向亚特兰大进军，进攻亚特兰大，
and effectively, you do have some aspects of total war. 实际上，你确实从某些方面上，看到了今后总体战的样子。
We are about collapsing the will of the Confederate people 我们要瓦解南方邦联人民的意志，
to realize,"You are being defeated." 让他们意识到“你们被打败了”。 （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
‐ The fall of Atlanta boosts Northern morale. ‐亚特兰大的沦陷鼓舞了北方的士气。
People now begin to see that a Union victory is, 人们现在开始看到，联邦政府的胜利 （布莱恩.马修.乔丹，历史学教授，萨姆休斯顿州立大学）
while not inevitable, at least in sight. 虽然不是必然发生的，至少还是能在望的。
And it has an enormous impact on the election of 1864. 这对1864年的大选产生了巨大的影响。
‐ Lincoln would win the election. ‐林肯将赢得选举。
What ultimately gave Lincoln 最终让林肯赢得竞选的是，
that election on the battlefield 谢尔曼在战场上
was Sherman's capture of Atlanta. 对亚特兰大的占领。
This was part of Grant's grand strategy 这是格兰特为结束战争 （巴顿 A.梅耶斯，伦理学和历史学教授，华盛顿及李大学）
for how to bring about an end to the war. 而制定的宏伟战略的一部分。 （巴顿 A.梅耶斯，伦理学和历史学教授，华盛顿及李大学）
Grant has a brilliant strategic plan. 格兰特有一个绝妙的战略计划。
He's going to move multiple armies simultaneously 他将同时调动多支军队，
to bring about maximum pressure on the Confederacy 对南部邦联施加最大压力，
while also holding down Robert E. Lee's 同时在彼得斯堡压制
much‐vaunted Army of Northern Virginia 罗伯特 E.李的北弗吉尼亚
at Petersburg. 方面军。
‐ When Grant starts to settle in at Petersburg, 当格兰特开始在彼得斯堡安顿下来时，
he sees, "If I put Lee into a siege, he can't move." 他发现:“如果我把李包围起来，他就动不了。
"And a Robert E. Lee who cannot maneuver “而一个不会机动的罗伯特 E.李
"is a Robert E. Lee that's not nearly as dangerous. “就没那么危险了。
"So if I pin Lee, “所以，如果我把李给钉死，
"we'll eat the rest of the Confederacy “我们就可以在这里，看着将发生什么，
while we stand here and watch this all take place." 吃掉南部联盟的剩余残军。"
‐ So Grant decides to move ‐格兰特决定将菲尔·谢里丹
Phil Sheridan up the Shenandoah Valley, 转移到谢南多厄山谷，
threatening the logistical supply line 威胁罗伯特 E.李军队的
of Robert E. Lee's army, 后勤补给线，
threatening the bread basket of the Confederacy 还能威胁南部邦联
that for three years 三年来为
had supplied the Army of Northern Virginia. 北弗吉尼亚方面军提供的粮仓。
‐ To General Sheridan: -给谢里丹将军发电：
Do all the damage to railroads and crops you can. 尽你所能破坏铁路和农作物。
We want the Shenandoah Valley to remain a barren waste. 我们希望看到，谢南多厄山谷保持荒芜。
Move quickly with the goal of destroying all in your path. 快速行动，目标是摧毁你前进的道路上的一切。
‐ After Philip Sheridan -菲利普.谢里丹大军过后，
destroys the Shenandoah Valley, 谢南多厄山谷被摧毁了，
William Tecumseh Sherman marches through Georgia. 威廉·特库姆塞·谢尔曼进军乔治亚州。 （伊桑.拉福斯，军事历史教授，美国陆军指挥及参谋学院）
Grant famously says, 格兰特最著名的一句话， （伊桑.拉福斯，军事历史教授，美国陆军指挥及参谋学院）
"The Confederacy is a hollow shell. “现在，南方邦联成了一具空壳。
I know it, and Sherman is about to prove it." 我知道，而谢尔曼将会证明这一点。”
‐ To General Sherman: If you are satisfied ‐给谢尔曼将军发电:如果你喜欢
the trip to the seacoast can be made, 沿海岸线的旅程，
you may make it, 你可以去，
destroying all the railroad as you think best. 摧毁所有你认为最好的铁路。
‐ What Sherman is doing in Georgia 谢尔曼在佐治亚州所做的事情
is sending a message to Lee's army: 是向李的军队传递一个信息:
"You guys hold out here in Richmond “你们尽管在里士满和
"and you hold out here in Petersburg, 彼得斯堡坚守，
but we're just tearing out the guts of the Confederacy." 但我们要做的只是，在撕碎南部邦联的内脏。”
‐ And meanwhile, Robert E. Lee's army ‐与此同时，罗伯特 E.李的军队
is becoming malnourished. 正变得营养不良。
His men are living in conditions 他的士兵生活在
that are rife for disease. 疾病肆虐的环境中。
The biological decline of his men 罗伯特 E.李的部下的体质开始下降，
is beginning to show to Robert E. Lee 并以一种他从未见过的方式，
in a way that he'd never seen before. 展现在他面前。
‐ They are severely worn down, ‐他们已经筋疲力尽了，
and they are the ones that have to defend Petersburg. 他们还是必须保卫彼得斯堡的兵力。
Petersburg is the logistics hub, 彼得斯堡是物流中心，
the transportation hub 交通枢纽
connected to five separate railroads 连接着通往彼得斯堡的五条独立铁路，
that come into Petersburg that feed Richmond, 这些铁路通向南部邦联的
the capital of the Confederacy. “首都”里士满。
Robert E. Lee can't lose Petersburg, 罗伯特 E.李不能失去彼得斯堡，
or he loses Richmond. 否则他就会失去里士满。
‐ By April of 1865,Grant has captured 到1865年4月，格兰特占领了
all of the important railroads 彼得斯堡所有重要的铁路，
at Petersburg with the exception of one, 只有一条铁路例外，
and that's the Southside Railroad. 那就是南侧铁路。
And there's a crucial intersection 有个关键的交汇路口
that commands control of the Southside Railroad. 控制着南侧铁路。
It's known as Five Forks. 它就是著名的“五岔口”
1865年三月31日，弗吉尼亚州，锡蒂波因特
‐ Everything looked favorable to the defeat of the enemy ‐一切看起来都有利于击败敌人，
and the capture of Petersburg and Richmond 并且占领彼得斯堡和里士满，
if the proper effort was made. 只要付出适当的努力。
‐ And so Grant will unleash Phil Sheridan ‐因此格兰特将派遣菲尔·谢里丹去
to get out in front of Robert E. Lee 挡在罗伯特 E.李的前面，
and keep him from getting to that railroad 阻止他到达铁路线和
and those supplies. 取到那些补给。
‐ It's a vicious fight. ‐这是一场恶战。
At one point, Sheridan, he's actually on horseback himself 有一段时间，谢里丹自己也骑在马背上
and launches himself over Confederate attackers, 向南方邦联的袭击者扑去，
ordering the men to surrender. 命令他们投降。
‐ The Confederates will lose this battle, ‐南军会输掉这场战役，
and they lose the Southside Railroad. 他们会失去南侧铁路。
‐ And now, finally, we find ‐现在，我们终于发现
Grant is able to sever those supply lines 格兰特能够切断通往彼得斯堡的
that come into Petersburg, and Robert E. Lee 补给线，罗伯特 E.李
now has to realize, "We have to abandon Richmond." 现在不得不意识到，“我们必须放弃里士满。”
‐ Richmond was in the most utter confusion. -里士满陷入了极度的混乱之中。
The city was on fire, 整个城市都着火了，
started by some connected with the retreating army. 是一些与撤退的军队有关的人放的火。
When it was evacuated,the Confederacy at once 当南军撤离后，南军立即
began to crumble and fade away. 开始瓦解并逐渐消失。
‐ The Confederates now scramble to the west ‐南军现在向西奔袭，
to make this desperate attempt to link up 孤注一掷地试图与
with Joe Johnston's Army of Tennessee. 乔·约翰斯顿的田纳西军方面军汇合。
And if they can link up again, they can prolong the war. 如果他们能再次联合起来，他们就能拖延战争。
And so it becomes a chase. 于是追击战开始了。
‐ Lee's troops were pursued by our cavalry so hotly -李的部队被我们的骑兵
and closely that they threw away ammunition, clothing, 紧追不舍，以至于他们扔掉了弹药、衣服
and almost everything to lighten their loads. 和几乎所有的东西来减轻负重。
‐ No sooner has Lee evacuated his lines -李将军前脚刚撤离他的阵地，
than Grant takes off after him. 格兰特后脚就赶了过来。
Any other Union general would have marched into Petersburg -换了任何其他联邦将军都会带着军乐队， （艾伦 C.盖尔佐，研究学者，普林斯顿大学）
and marched into Richmond 进入彼得斯堡和里士满， （艾伦 C.盖尔佐，研究学者，普林斯顿大学）
with bands playing and great celebrations and parties 举行盛大的庆祝活动和舞会，
and all kinds of self‐congratulatory speeches 发表各种自吹自擂的演讲和评论，
and reviews and messages sent back to Washington 并向华盛顿发回有关里士满
about how wonderful it was, 多么美好的信息，
they have now captured Richmond. 他们现在已经占领了里士满。
Not Grant. 格兰特不会这样。
1865年四月5日，北方联邦军大营
‐ One of ours, sir. -一个我们的人，长官。
A messenger from General Sheridan 谢里丹将军的信使
who made it through their lines. 穿过了他们的防线。
‐ Soldier. -士兵。
Good job, soldier. 干的漂亮 ，士兵。
Sheridan wants me to come to him at Jetersville. 谢里登要我去杰斯维尔。
Says he can finish Lee. 他说，他能干掉李将军。
We'll go right away.I'll take the advance troops. 我们马上就去。我负责先头部队。
‐ General, you're the commander. -将军，你可是总司令官。
You've gotta stay‐‐ ‐ We'll go right away. 你得呆在这里... -我们这就动身。
‐ Grant is managing more people ‐格兰特目前统帅的兵力
than anyone else in the world at this moment. 比世界上任何人都多。
And then he gets a message from Phil Sheridan saying, 然后他收到菲尔·谢里丹的消息说
"I think we can capture "我认为我们现在可以俘获
or destroy the Confederate army now." 或摧毁南军了"
As the commander of all those armies, 作为所有这些军队的司令官， （加里.阿德尔曼，历史学家，美国战场遗址托管基金会）
sometimes your presence is simply needed. 有时你的存在是非常必要的。 （加里.阿德尔曼，历史学家，美国战场遗址托管基金会）
No matter how tired he was, 不管他有多累，
no matter how far away Sheridan was, 不管谢里丹有多远，
Grant was gonna get there. 格兰特都要到达那里。
‐ I then started with a few of my staff ‐然后我开始让我的一些参谋人员
going directly through the woods. 直接穿过树林。
The night being dark, our progress was slow. 夜很黑，我们的进度很慢。
Sometimes I had great difficulty 有时，我很难
in getting through the lines. 穿过这些防线。
‐ We've got Lee in a box, General. -李部已经装在我们的口袋阵里了，将军。 （弗吉尼亚州，杰斯维尔，谢里丹的指挥部）
‐ We should be protecting our position at Richmond, ‐我们应该保护我们在里士满的阵地， （弗吉尼亚州，杰斯维尔，谢里丹的指挥部）
not chasing Lee. 而不是追击李的部队。 （弗吉尼亚州，杰斯维尔，谢里丹的指挥部）
‐ We can't let him slip. ‐我们不能让他溜走。
I can capture his whole damn army! 我可以俘获他的整个军队!
‐ Holding Richmond won't end this war. ‐守住里士满，并不能结束这场战争。
Destroying Lee's army will. 消灭李的军队，就可以结束战争。
Go after him. ‐ Yes, sir. 继续追击他。 -是，长官。
‐ It now became 对李将军来说，
a life‐and‐death struggle for Lee 能否得到南方运来的补给物资，
to get south to his provisions. 给成了一场生死之战。
We wanted to get ahead of Lee and cut him off. 我们想赶在李前面，把他拦住。
1865年四月6日，弗吉尼亚州，水手湾
‐ The armies finally met on Sailor's Creek. ‐两军最终在水手溪相遇。
The enemy's loss was very heavy. 敌人损失惨重。
Lee's army was rapidly crumbling. 李部的军队迅速瓦解。
‐ The final battle between Grant's army and Robert E. Lee -1865年4月6日，格兰特的军队与罗伯特 E.李的
comes at Sailor's Creek, April 6, 1865. 最后一战在水手溪打响。
‐ Lee's army haven't eaten for five days. ‐李将军的部队已经五天没吃东西了。
He's had 2/3 of his force whittled away 他有三分之二的兵力，遭到尾随的追兵
by attacks from his rear. 攻击而削弱了。
He is out of options. 他黔驴技穷了。
‐ Robert E. Lee sees the men ‐罗伯特 E.李看到
streaming from the battlefield in chaos, 从混乱的战场上纷纷撤下的士兵，
and Lee turns, and he says to one of his staff officers, 他转过身来，对他的一个参谋说，
"My God,has the army dissolved?" “我的上帝，军队解散了吗?”
‐ 7,000 of his men were made prisoners. 他手下有7000人被俘虏。
I knew that the men who had fought so gallantly 我理解，那些为他们所信仰的事业，
and so long for the cause which they believed in 英勇战斗了那么久的人，已经
had lost hope. 失去了希望。
‐ Come on, keep moving! -快点，继续走！
‐ Grant knows Lee's out of options, 格兰特知道李已经是黔驴技穷了，
and he is counting on Lee 他指望李将军
to be chivalrous and end the war. 能表现出骑士风度，结束战争。
‐ To General R.E. Lee: -致R.E.李将军：
The result of the last week must convince you 上周的结果，一定会让你相信，
of the hopelessness of further resistance. 进一步抵抗是无望的。
I regard it as my duty to shift from myself 我认为，我自己有责任来承担，
the responsibility of any further effusion of blood... 避免进一步的流血事件发生...
By asking of you the surrender of that portion 我要求你领导的南部邦联军队的一部，
of the Confederate States Army 即你的北弗吉尼亚方面军
known as the Army of Northern Virginia. 向我军投降。
‐ Lee realizes that the game is over, ‐李意识到游戏结束了， （艾伦 C.盖尔佐，研究学者，普林斯顿大学）
and so he sends a message to Grant: 于是他给格兰特发了封信:
"If we could discuss matters “如果我们能像你之前说的那样，
"as you had previously indicated, “讨论一些问题，
I would be happy to meet with you." 我很乐意与你见面。”
‐ When Lee talks about having to go ‐当李将军谈到 （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
and capitulate to Grant,Lee says, 他不得不向格兰特投降时，他说: （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
"I would rather go die a thousand deaths “我宁愿死一千次， （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
than go do what I'm about to do." 也不愿去做我将要做的事。”
But he asks for the cease‐fire 但他要求停火，
to talk about terms of surrender. 以讨论投降条件。
‐ A messenger came up to Grant ‐一个信使来到格兰特身边，
and gave him the letter from Lee saying, 把李的信交给他，信上说:
"Can you meet me at the McLean house in Appomattox?' “你能在阿波马托克斯的麦克林家见我吗?”
And so he went to Appomattox to meet Lee. 所以他去阿波马托克斯见李将军。
‐ It all ends at the Wilbur McLean farmhouse. ‐一切在威尔伯·麦克林农舍结束。
Robert E. Lee stands in his best uniform. 罗伯特 E.李穿着他最好的军服站在那里。
Lee dreads having to do this. 李很恼火这样做。
‐ Dismount! -下马！
1865年四月9日，
‐ General Lee. -李将军。
‐ General Grant. -格兰特将军。
‐ Perhaps you remember, ‐也许你还记得，
we met once back in the Mexican War. 我们在墨西哥战争时见过一面。
‐ Yes, I'm sure you're right. I don't quite recall. ‐是的，我相信你是对的。我不太记得了。
‐ I was with the Fourth Regiment. ‐我当时在第四团。
‐ It was a long time ago. -这已经过了很长时间了。
‐ Please. -请。
‐ As they sit there in that room, ‐当他们坐在那个房间里，
it's truly a remarkable scene. 那真是一个非凡的场景。
You capture this whole nature of the changing character 你在农舍里，可以体会到战争角色不断变化的
of war in that farmhouse. 完全本质。
You have Robert E. Lee, 罗伯特 E.李， （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
immaculately dressed with his sash and his sword, 身披绶带和佩剑， （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
a patrician of the Virginia caste society, 衣着整洁，是弗吉尼亚传统社会的贵族，
the son of a Revolutionary War general, 是独立战争时期一位将军的儿子，
a single commander commanding as if he were 是一位独断专行的指挥官，就好象
a 16th‐century prince 他是一位16世纪的王子，
representing the last of the old wars. 他代表着，最后一场古老战的结束。
Meanwhile, you have Ulysses S. Grant, 同时，尤利西斯 S.格兰特，
representing the first of the new. 代表了今朝的风流人物。
Grant has been riding overland. 格兰特骑马沿陆路而来。
His boots are mud‐spattered. 他的靴子上溅满了泥。
He's the son of a tanner, 他是一位皮匠的儿子，
a poor, humble,hardscrabble background. 出自一个贫穷，卑微，生活艰难的家庭。
He sits now at the top of this meritocracy 他现在坐在这个精英统治的顶端，
surrounded by a very capable staff. 周围都是非常能干的参谋，侍从。
And he has an American Indian on his staff, 他手下有个印第安人，
Eli Parker, a brigadier general, 伊莱·帕克，准将，
a Seneca Indian that's gonna write out 是塞内卡部落印第安人，
the terms of surrender. 他会起草投降条款。
‐ General Grant... -格兰特将军...
we should write terms now. 我们现在应该写条款了。
‐ General Parker. -帕克将军。
‐ At least there's one real American in this room. ‐这个房间里至少有一个真正的美国人。
‐ We're all Americans here, sir. -这里在座的都是美国人，长官。
‐ Your terms are generous. -你的条件很慷慨。
They'll have a good effect on my men. 他们会对我的人产生很好的影响。
‐ Good. -好吧。
And I must ask you in return 作为回报，我必须要求你下令，
that you ask the rest of your armies 让你其余的军队
lay down their arms. 放下武器。
They'll listen to you, 他们会听你的，
and this war can end quickly without further suffering. 这场战争很快就会结束，不会再有更多的痛苦。
‐ That's not up to me. ‐这不是我能决定的。
That's up to my president. 这取决于我们的总统。
‐ There's only one president now. -现在只有一位总统。
1865年四月19日，弗吉尼亚州，阿波马托克斯
‐ I felt like anything rather than rejoicing at the downfall ‐我没有为敌人的失败，而感到高兴，
of a foe who had fought so long and valiantly 因为他们为一个目标战斗了那么久，那么英勇，
and had suffered so much for a cause, 遭受了那么多的痛苦，
though that cause was, I believe, 尽管我相信，
one of the worst for which a people ever fought. 这个目标，是一个民族为之战斗过的最糟糕的目标之一。
‐ Grant and Lincoln wanted,at all costs, 格兰特和林肯想要不惜一切代价， （伊丽莎白.D.萨莫特，编辑，《尤利西斯.S.格兰特回忆录注释》）
to prevent a kind of guerilla warfare, 要防止一种游击战，
which is why Grant gave the terms 这就是为什么，格兰特在阿波马托克斯
that he did to Lee at Appomattox. 给李将军写下的条件。
‐ The surrender terms are relatively lenient. ‐投降条件相对宽松。 （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
Officers can keep their sidearms. 军官们可以保留他们的随身武器。 （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
Men with horses can keep their horses 有马的人可以留着他们的马，
so that they might go back and plant crops. 这样他们就可以回去种庄稼。
This is an idea of,"How do we win the peace?" 这是一个关于“我们如何赢得和平?”的理念。
‐ Grant really tried to honor what Lincoln asked for. ‐格兰特确实试图尊重林肯的要求。 （克里斯蒂.科尔曼，首席执行官，美国内战博物馆）
Let him up easy.Let these men go home. 让他轻松起来。让这些人回家吧。
Just lay down your guns,and just go home. 放下枪，回家去。
‐ Grant actually went a little bit further than Lincoln -格兰特实际上比林肯想要的 （琼.沃，《“美国”格兰特，美国英雄，美国神话》一书的作者）
might have wanted him to. 要走得更远一些。 （琼.沃，《“美国”格兰特，美国英雄，美国神话》一书的作者）
He paroled the Southern army, Lee's army. 他赦免了南方军队，李将军的军队。
And that meant Lee himself would be free from arrest. 这意味着李将军本人，将不会被逮捕。
‐ Very significantly,Grant did not allow ‐非常重要的是，格兰特不允许他的士兵 （罗恩.切尔诺夫，《格兰特》一书的作者）
his soldiers to in any way gloat or celebrate. 以任何方式幸灾乐祸或庆祝。
He felt that that would simply be rubbing salt into the wounds 他觉得这不过是，在这些战败的
of these defeated Confederate soldiers. 南方邦联士兵的伤口上撒盐。
And I think the fact that Grant had experienced 我认为，格兰特在自己的生活中经历了
so much failure in his own life gave him a special sensitivity 如此多的失败，这使他在处理阿波马托克斯战败的
and tact in dealing with these 南方邦联士兵时
defeated Confederate soldiers at Appomattox. 特别敏感和机智。
So you can see that there's this yearning 所以你可以看到他们渴望
to be brothers again. 再次成为兄弟。
There were shared memories and shared experiences 这些人有着共同的记忆和经历，
that these men had had,and these are people 何况这些人曾经
who had belonged to the same nation 属于同一个国家，劫波过后，
and that would again. 依然是兄弟。
‐ When news of the surrender of Lee's army ‐当李将军的军队投降的消息 （艾伦 C.盖尔佐，研究学者，普林斯顿大学）
gets back to Washington,Lincoln is so thrilled. 传回华盛顿时，林肯非常激动。 （艾伦 C.盖尔佐，研究学者，普林斯顿大学）
A crowd of well‐wishers comes with bands to serenade him. 一群祝福他的人，带着乐队来，为他唱小夜曲。
Lincoln comes out and gives them an impromptu speech. 林肯出来给他们做了一个即兴演讲。
‐ Now, fellow citizens, give three good, hearty cheers 现在，同胞们，请为格兰特将军和他手下的所有人
for General Grant and all under his command. 送上三声热烈的欢呼。
‐ Grant stands in the front rank ‐格兰特站在历史上 （戴维 H.彼得雷乌斯，退休将军，美国陆军）
of great Americans of all time. 伟大美国人的前列。 （戴维 H.彼得雷乌斯，退休将军，美国陆军）
He was the man who saved the Union. 他是拯救联邦的人。
‐ Grant is one of the greatest military strategists ‐格兰特是美国最伟大的 （巴顿 A.梅耶斯，伦理学和历史学教授，华盛顿及李大学）
that the United States has produced. 军事战略家之一。 （巴顿 A.梅耶斯，伦理学和历史学教授，华盛顿及李大学）
It is his strategy implemented and pushed forward 正是他的战略得以实施并贯彻到底，
to its conclusion that wins the war. 才赢得了战争的胜利。
‐ The news of Appomattox ‐阿波马托克斯的消息
is immediately reported across the country. 立即传遍全国。
There was a jubilant feeling,at least in the‐‐in the North, 至少在北方有一种欢欣鼓舞的感觉...
and a great feeling of relief. 一种巨大的解脱感。
‐ There's such this feeling of celebration ‐整个北方都有这样一种 （卡罗琳 E.詹妮，导演，内战历史中心，弗吉尼亚州立大学）
throughout the North: 庆祝的感觉: （卡罗琳 E.詹妮，导演，内战历史中心，弗吉尼亚州立大学）
the fireworks that are being set off, 燃放烟花，
people in the streets celebrating, 人们在街上庆祝，
the bunting that's being put up all across 到处都挂满了彩旗
Washington and New York and elsewhere, 华盛顿、纽约和其他地方
and ministers across the North begin preparing sermons 北方教会的牧师们，开始准备布道，
to talk about the rebirth of the nation. 讲述这个国家的重生。
1865年四月14日，华盛顿特区
‐ I'm relieved we didn't go to the theater tonight, ‐今晚我们没去看戏，我很欣慰，
and the children will be so happy to see you, finally. 孩子们终于见到你了，一定会很高兴的。
‐ It's been a long time. ‐ Mm. -真是过了好久。 -嗯。
Do you know that man? 你认识那个人吗?
‐ I don't care for such looks. ‐我不喜欢这样的长相。
Driver! 车夫！
‐ On the night of April 14th, ‐4月14日晚上，
the Lincolns had invited the Grants 林肯夫妇邀请格兰特夫妇
to attend Ford's Theatre with them. 和他们一起去看福特剧院看戏。
But they were instead planning to visit their children. 但格兰特俩口子打算去看他们的孩子。
While the Grants were en route to the train, 当格兰特一家在去赶火车的路上时，
a man on horseback galloped up, 一个骑马的人疾驰而来，
tried to thrust his head in as if to see who was there. 想探出头来，好像要看看是谁座在车里。
Always afterwards, Julia Dent Grant believed 事后，茱莉亚·邓特·格兰特一直认为
that man had been John Wilkes Booth. 那个人就是约翰·威尔克斯·布斯。
晚上10：13，福特剧院
费城，布莱德古德旅馆
‐ General Grant. -格兰特将军。
‐ What is it? -什么事？
‐ These are for you, sir. -这是给你的，长官。
‐ Excuse me, gentlemen. -对不起了，先生们。
‐ What is it, Ulys? -写的什么？尤利西斯？
‐ I have to return to Washington. -我必须要赶回华盛顿。
President Lincoln has been shot. 林肯总统遇刺了。
He won't survive. 他命不久矣。
‐ John Wilkes Booth had gathered a small band 约翰·威尔克斯·布思聚集了一小群
of conspirators 阴谋者，
because Booth planned not only to murder Lincoln 因为布思不仅计划谋杀林肯， （艾伦 C.盖尔佐，研究学者，普林斯顿大学）
but to murder Vice President Andrew Johnson, 还计划谋杀副总统安德鲁·约翰逊、 （艾伦 C.盖尔佐，研究学者，普林斯顿大学）
Secretary of State Seward,and General Ulysses S. Grant. 国务卿苏厄德和尤利西斯 S.格兰特将军。
He planned to decapitate the entire 他计划如果可以的话，
United States government,if he could do it. 将整个美国政府高层一锅端。
华盛顿特区，福特剧院
‐ I did not know what it meant. ‐我不知道这是什么意思。
Here was the rebellion put down in the field 在这里，叛乱被镇压在战场上，
and starting up in the gutters. 但又在阴暗角落里开始了。
Now we had to fight it as assassination. 我们必须与暗杀行为做斗争。
‐ Grant gets back in Washington -格兰特在第二天10点前
by 10:00 the next day, 回到华盛顿，
and Andrew Johnson is already being sworn in 安德鲁·约翰逊已经宣誓
as president of the United States. 就任美国总统。
What a different world Ulysses Grant has returned to. 尤利西斯·格兰特回到了一个完全不同的世界。
‐ The joy that I had witnessed among the people in the street ‐我在华盛顿街头和公共场所
and in public places in Washington 看到的人们的欢乐
had been turned to grief. 变成了悲伤。 （卡罗琳 E.詹妮，导演，内战历史中心，弗吉尼亚州立大学）
The city was in reality a city of mourning. 这座城市实际上是一座哀悼之城。 （卡罗琳 E.詹妮，导演，内战历史中心，弗吉尼亚州立大学）
‐ Lee surrenders to Grant on April 9th, 4月9日，李将军向格兰特投降，
and only a week later, 仅一周后的
on Good Friday, Lincoln is assassinated. 耶稣受难日，林肯遇刺身亡。
And a city that had been so full of hope 这座曾经充满希望、
and joy and messages of peace 欢乐以及和平讯息的城市
is immediately brought to mourning. 立刻陷入了哀痛之中。
And the churches that had been decorated for Easter Sunday, 那些为复活节而装饰的教堂，
full of their lilies and other symbols of peace, 满是百合花和其他和平的象征，
are now draped in mourning. 现在却笼罩在哀痛之中。
Only days after coming back from Appomattox 从阿波马托克斯回来没几天，
and being this great,victorious general, 格兰特就成为了伟大的，胜利的将军，
now Grant is tasked with planning the funeral 现在，格兰特的任务是准备一个人的葬礼
of a man who had been not only his president 这个人不仅是他的总统
but also had become a dear friend. 还是他的好朋友。
‐ To know Lincoln personally was to love and respect him ‐人们了解了林肯本人，就会爱上他，并尊重他伟大的
for his great qualities of heart and head. 心灵和头脑的品质。
His death was the greatest possible 他的死对这个国家，
calamity to the country 特别是对南方人民来说，
and especially to the people of the South. 可能是最大的灾难。
‐ After the war,the South is devastated. ‐战后，南方满目疮痍。 （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
What was all of their wealth has largely been wiped out. 他们所有的财富几乎都化为乌有了。 （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
Lincoln gets killed. 林肯被杀。
Now who's gonna provide that stability? 现在谁来提供这种稳定性呢?
Who is gonna be the one man who can provide that stable, 谁会是唯一一个可以出手，为国家提供稳定，
guiding hand on the nation? 和指导的人?
‐ When the war ends, ‐战争结束后， （罗恩.切尔诺夫，《格兰特》一书的作者）
Ulysses S. Grant is still general in chief. 尤利西斯·s·格兰特仍然是总指挥。 （罗恩.切尔诺夫，《格兰特》一书的作者）
And this becomes extremely significant 这一点非常重要，
because there's nobody who has a more comprehensive view 因为没有人，比格兰特更全面地了解
of what's going on in the South 内战后的几年里，
in the years after the Civil War than Grant. 南方会发生什么。
‐ And so in 1865, Grant's duties, -因此，在1865年，格兰特的职责， （巴顿 A.梅耶斯，伦理学和历史学教授，华盛顿及李大学）
his responsibilities as general of the armies, 他作为陆军将军的责任， （巴顿 A.梅耶斯，伦理学和历史学教授，华盛顿及李大学）
was to run the largest civil project 是管理联邦政府有史以来
ever the federal government had taken on, 所承担的最大的内政计划，
known as Reconstruction. 即所谓的“重建时期”计划。
Reconstruction, fundamentally, was military occupation. 所谓“重建时期”，从根本上说，就是军事管制。
And it was organized around five military districts 它是围绕在美国南方建立的
within the American South. 五个军区组织的。
‐ Reconstruction was three things. ‐重建时期计划，包括三项内容。
It was to rebuild infrastructure in the South. 首先，它是要重建南方的基础设施。
It was to help transition newly freed people 其次，它是要帮助刚获得自由的人们完成转变身份，
and what freedom could look like for them, 以及自由对他们来说，是什么样子， （克里斯蒂.科尔曼，首席执行官，美国内战博物馆）
most of whom are completely illiterate, 他们中的大多数人完全是文盲， （克里斯蒂.科尔曼，首席执行官，美国内战博物馆）
who have no property,who have no prospects, 他们没有财产，他们没有前途，
but who have desire. 但他们有欲望。
And it was to restructure legal systems 第三，它是要重组司法体系，
to help protect newly freed people 以帮助保护刚获得自由的人们
and to address this idea of equality for everyone. 并设法实现人人平等的理念。
‐ But I don't think anyone recognized the true magnitude ‐但我认为，没有人认识到
of what Reconstruction was going to look like in America, 美国“重建时期”的真正庞大规模，
the level and number of challenges 以及美国内战结束后，
of problems that could potentially emerge 可能出现的，在各个社会阶层中
from the end of the American Civil War. 大量的麻烦。
‐ The success of the Union army ‐联邦军队的成功
doesn't mean a return to the status quo. 并不意味着回归既有的现状。
It means the Union restored without slavery. 它意味着，恢复了没有奴隶制的联邦制。
And so the most egregious part of Union victory 所以，联邦制的胜利对于前南军来说，
for former Confederates is emancipation. 最令他们震怒的部分就是：解放奴隶。
And so they push back on it from the very beginning. 所以他们从一开始就反击了。
They push back in legal ways called the Black Codes. 他们用合法的方式，把1832年通过的“黑人法典”搬出来进行反击。 （这部内战前制定的法律规定，自由的有色人种不享受与白人公民在政治上的权利）
‐ They create a series of actions ‐他们创造了一系列
that will mirror the conditions of slavery. 符合与奴隶制相近似的条件的法案。 （如规定种族隔离的吉姆.克劳法案）
And so throughout the 1860s,in major cities, 因此，整个19世纪60年代，在主要城市，
conflicts would erupt between former Confederate soldiers 前南方邦联士兵和自由的非裔美国人之间， （玛西亚.查特莱恩，历史及非洲裔美国人研究协会教授，乔治城大学）
and free African‐Americans. 不断爆发冲突。 （玛西亚.查特莱恩，历史及非洲裔美国人研究协会教授，乔治城大学）
‐ You see this conflict in New Orleans in 1866. ‐你可以看到1866年发生在新奥尔良的这场冲突。
African‐Americans and a handful of white Republicans 非洲裔美国人和少数白人共和党人
are trying to write a new constitution for the state 正试图为该州起草一部新宪法，
that would recognize African‐American voting 承认非洲裔美国人的投票权
and civil rights. 和公民权。
1866年七月30日，奥尔良，机修工协会
What happens is, a local newspaper whips up a frenzy. 事情是这样的，一家当地报纸掀起了一股狂潮。
Ex‐Confederates gather, trying to stop them. 前南方邦联军聚集，试图阻止他们。
It was an absolute powder keg. 这绝对是一个火药桶。
‐ We stand here today as free men, ‐我们今天以自由人的身份站在这里，
but that's just the beginning. 但这仅仅是个开始。
We have to stand up for our rights. 我们必须捍卫自己的权利。
We have to fight‐‐ 我们不得不斗争...
1866年七月30日，新奥尔良，机修工协会
‐ Come on! Out the back! -赶紧！从后门出去！
华盛顿特区
‐ I just got a telegraph from General Sheridan. ‐我刚收到谢里丹将军的电报。
This outrage in New Orleans must be punished. 新奥尔良的暴行必须受到惩罚。
I simply can't allow‐‐ 我只是不能允许...
‐ General, we don't know if the freed men provoked this. ‐将军，我们不知道是否，由被遣散的士兵挑起的。
It was a riot. 这是一场暴乱。
‐ This is an atrocity. ‐这是一场暴行。
Sheridan is there. 谢里丹就在那里。
‐ They're gettin' away! -他们要离开了！
‐ And the way he tells it, this is a massacre. ‐按他的说法，这是一场大屠杀。
Don't let him get away! 别让他跑了!
Hold him, boys! 抓住他,棒小伙儿们!
‐ It's my duty to protect the people. ‐保护人民是我的职责。
‐ Try telling that to President Johnson. -试着告诉约翰逊总统。
‐ Instead, I wish I could speak with Lincoln. ‐相反，我真能和林肯说这件事。
We could declare martial law. 我们可以宣布戒严令。
‐ Sir‐‐ ‐ It won't be popular, -长官... -这是不得人心的，
but I don't want another war. 但我不想要另一场战争
We can't have another war. 我们不能再发生战争了。
‐ So in 1866, Grant receives reports 1866年，格兰特收到了 （卡罗琳 E.詹妮，导演，内战历史中心，弗吉尼亚州立大学）
from his commanders throughout the South, 来自南方各地指挥官的报告， （卡罗琳 E.詹妮，导演，内战历史中心，弗吉尼亚州立大学）
and it becomes quite evident that there are hundreds 很明显，有成百上千的
if not thousands of so‐called outrages of African‐Americans 所谓非裔美国人
being killed in horrific,barbarious ways. 被残忍残忍地杀害。
‐ Grant is constantly compiling statistics -格兰特一直在为安德鲁·约翰逊总统 （罗恩.切尔诺夫，《格兰特》一书的作者）
for President Andrew Johnson 整理针对南方400万前奴隶的暴力规模
in terms of the scale of violence 的统计数据，
going on against the 4 million former slaves in the South, 而约翰逊拒绝相信
and Johnson refuses to believe it. 这些数据。
‐ Andrew Johnson is able to emerge as a figure ‐安德鲁·约翰逊是一个
who is a friend of the Confederacy 对南方邦联表示友善的人物，
who will not implement Reconstruction 但他不会动用联邦政府的强大力量
with the great force of the federal government. 来实施重建时期的政策。
‐ Grant is increasingly frustrated -格兰特对约翰逊总统试图阻挠
and furious that Johnson is trying to impede 任何形式的对南方的军事干预
any sort of military intervention in the South. 感到越来越沮丧和愤怒。
But I think we underestimate 但我认为，我们低估了
how politically savvy Grant was. 格兰特的政治头脑。
‐ Grant is an interesting man as a political figure. -格兰特是位有趣的政治人物。
He doesn't seek out the nomination 他从不寻求
for the presidency ever, 总统提名，
but he doesn't turn down the nomination 但他也不会拒绝
for the presidency either. 总统提名。
1868年，共和党全国大会
‐ Because of the Civil War ‐因为美国内战
and because of Grant's heroism‐‐ 和格兰特的英雄主义…
and at Appomattox, 在阿波马托克斯，
Grant becomes the hero not only in the North 格兰特不仅成为北方的英雄，
but in the South for his fairness 而且成为南方的恩人，
to the defeated Confederate troops‐‐ 因为他对战败的南方邦联军队的公正…
Grant enjoyed a certain status 格兰特享有一定的地位，
and sort of levitated 在某种程度上，
above the level of American politics. 凌驾于美国政治之上。
‐ And not unlike Washington, ‐和华盛顿相相像的是，
that Washington was the father of the country 华盛顿是国家之父，
and Grant was the savior of the country 格兰特是国家的救星，
is something that is on many people's minds. 这是很多人都铭记在心的。
‐ And of course, at that time,it was considered unseemly ‐当然，在那个时候，
for a candidate to openly campaign for president, 一个候选人公开竞选总统，被认为是不合适的，
and that was just fine with Grant. 格兰特对此没有意见。
And rather than campaigning, 他不是在竞选，
he's kind of swept into the presidency. 而是被推上了总统宝座。
‐ Grant wins the 1868 election 格兰特在1868年的选举中，
in an electoral college landslide, 以选举人团的压倒性优势获胜，
but his presidency would be the presidency 但他的总统职责将会是，
that had the responsibility of securing political rights 为所有公民的政治权利，提供安全的保护，
for African‐Americans. 尤其是非裔美国人。
He had an enormous responsibility 他肩负着巨大的责任，
and an incredibly difficult one, 也是极其艰巨的任务，
because there were so many people, 因为有很多人，
both in the South and in the North, 无论在南方还是北方， （巴顿 A.梅耶斯，伦理学和历史学教授，华盛顿及李大学）
who were opposed to those ideas. 都反对这些理念。 （巴顿 A.梅耶斯，伦理学和历史学教授，华盛顿及李大学）
But he was given the difficult task, not once, 但他被赋予了一项艰巨的任务，不是一次，
but twice, of doing this, 而是两次，让他完成这项任务，
winning the war and then winning the peace. 先是赢得战争，然后再是赢得和平。
‐ In here, Mr. President. -在这里，总统先生。 （白宫）
1869年三月4日，总统就职日
‐ The country having just emerged ‐这个国家刚刚从
from a great rebellion, many questions will come before it 一场大叛乱中走出来，在接下来的四年里，
for settlement in the next four years 许多问题将摆在它面前，需要它去解决，
which preceding administrations 这些问题是前几届政府
have never had to deal with. 从未处理过的。
In meeting these, it is desirable 在面对这些问题时，最好是
that they should be approached calmly, 冷静地对待它们，
without prejudice, hate, or sectional pride. 不带偏见、仇恨或党派的自豪感。
I ask patient forbearance, one toward another, 我要求在这片土地上，每个人彼此忍耐，
throughout the land and a determined effort 每个公民都要坚定地努力，
on the part of every citizen 为巩固一个幸福的联邦
to do his share towards cementing a happy Union. 尽自己的一份力量。
1869年，总统任期第一年
‐ I feel the responsibilities of the position ‐我能感受到这份工作的责任，
but accept them without fear. 但毫无畏惧地接受它。
And I bring to it a desire and determination 我带着一种渴望和决心，
to fill it to the best of my ability. 尽我所能，完成任期内的职责。
‐ When Ulysses Grant is inaugurated as president, ‐当尤利西斯·格兰特就任总统时， （艾伦 C.盖尔佐，研究学者，普林斯顿大学）
he has what amounts to a colossal mess on his hands. 他手上的东西相当于一个巨大的烂摊子。 （艾伦 C.盖尔佐，研究学者，普林斯顿大学）
He has not only Reconstruction, 他不光要继续进行“重建时期”的工作，
but he has a botched attempt at beginning Reconstruction 他还要理顺在安德鲁.约翰逊当总统时，
under Andrew Johnson that he has to overcome. 对于刚开始“重建时期”工作的一团乱麻。
And that's going to create a formidable agenda 作为总统，他要应付一大堆的
for him to deal with as president. 烦人的议事日程。
Reconstruction meant the reintroduction “重建时期”意味着将南部邦联州
of the Confederate states back into the American Union, 重新引入美国联邦，
which sounds pretty simple, 这听起来很简单，
but you've got to have some way 但你必须有一些方法
of reintegrating the Southern economy 将南方经济
with the rest of the national economy. 与国家经济的其他部分重新整合起来。
Then you have to think about what you're going to do 然后你要考虑如何对待
with the freed slaves. 被解放的奴隶。
The 13th Amendment abolishes slavery, 《美国宪法第十三修正案》废除了奴隶制，
but what does it do beyond that? 但除此之外还有什么呢?
‐ When Grant becomes president of the United States, ‐当格兰特成为美国总统时， （克里斯蒂.科尔曼，首席执行官，美国内战博物馆）
he is absolutely committed to the aims of Reconstruction. 他绝对致力于“重建时期”的目标。 （克里斯蒂.科尔曼，首席执行官，美国内战博物馆）
He is committed to making America fully just, 他致力于使美国，对黑人和白人来说，
fully equal for black people and white people. 完全公正、完全平等。
He is committed to this in his own simple and elegant way. 他以自己简单而优雅的方式致力于此。
‐ So it's very important to remember that Grant ‐因此，非常重要的是要记住，格兰特是
is the first American president 第一位美国总统，
to govern after the 14th Amendment 他签署了宪法第14号修正案， （罗恩.切尔诺夫，《格兰特》一书的作者）
that guarantees equal rights before the law 用来保证在法律面前的平等权利 （罗恩.切尔诺夫，《格兰特》一书的作者）
and, most importantly, after the 15th Amendment, 最重要的是，他还签署了第15号修正案，
which gives black men the right to vote. 用以给黑人予投票的权利。
After the passage of the 15th Amendment, 第15修正案通过后，
African‐American men began to vote in extraordinary numbers. 非裔美国人开始以惊人的数量参加投票。
‐ Americans are finally who they say they are. -他们终于可以自称为美国人了。 （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
All men are truly created equal. 人人生而平等。 （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
I think this utterly is reflected of Grant 我认为这完全反映了格兰特
and what he believes this nation is 对这个国家的信心，
and what it should aspire to be. 以及这个国家应该成为什么样子。
‐ So now we have 3.5 million people from Mississippi ‐现在有350万人，从密西西比
to Louisiana to South Carolina 到路易斯安那州再到南卡罗来纳，
voting themselves and the candidates of their choosing. 投票给他们自己和他们选择的候选人。
‐ African‐Americans in most Southern states 大多数南方州的非洲裔美国人 （南卡莱罗娜州美国众议员，罗伯特.德拉吉）
were elected for the first time to Washington, D. C., 第一次被选为参议员和众议员， （阿拉巴马州美国众议员，杰瑞米亚.哈拉森）
as senators and as congressmen 他们来到了华盛顿特区， （密西西比州美国参议员，西拉姆.里弗斯）
voting themselves and the candidates of their choosing. 他们为自己和自己选择的候选人投票。 （阿拉巴马州美国众议员，本杰明.特纳）
And all these things,this incredible 所有这些事情，这个令人难以置信的 （琼.沃，《“美国”格兰特，美国英雄，美国神话》一书的作者）
biracial experiment,was happening. 跨种族实验，正在发生。 （琼.沃，《“美国”格兰特，美国英雄，美国神话》一书的作者）
‐ And the changes that they make are extraordinary. ‐他们做出的改变是非凡的。
They establish free public education for every child. 他们为每个孩子提供免费的公共教育。
They establish systems that make it easier 他们建立了使人们更容易投票
for people to vote and to be able to acquire land. 和获得土地的制度。
‐ It's a period of possibility in American history. ‐这是美国历史上一个充满可能性的时期。
It was not just a political project. 这不仅仅是一个政治项目。
It was also a social project. 这也是一个社会项目。
And you see the building of schools, 你可以看到学校在建设，
the building of banks. 银行在建设。
You see more people are learning to read 你可以看到，在非裔美国人社区中，
among African‐American communities than ever before. 学习阅读的人比以往任何时候都多。
‐ You probably had more political progress ‐黑人在政治上取得的进步
for black people than you actually had in the North. 可能比北方要多。
You know, not just because there were more black people 你知道，不仅仅是因为黑人多了， （塔-内西·科茨，演员兼作家）
but because of what was happening was so revolutionary. 还因为当时发生的事情是革命性的。 （塔-内西·科茨，演员兼作家）
‐ There is a profoundly progressive agenda ‐有一个严重的正在进行的秘密计划，
moving the arc towards justice for everybody. 他反动地背向人人应有的公正。
And then it falls apart. 然后它就分崩离析了。
‐ The Ku Klux Klan very quickly grows ‐三k党迅速成长为
to become a paramilitary insurgency 准军事叛乱组织，
in which armed Confederate veterans 武装的南方邦联老兵
will turn to violent tactics. 将转向使用暴力的策略。
‐ There were thousands of blacks -成千上万的黑人
who were killed for registering and daring to‐‐to vote, 因为登记和敢于...投票而被杀害，
and black voting would drop off to near zero. 黑人投票率将降至接近零的水平。
‐ In many counties throughout the ex‐Confederate South, ‐在整个前南方邦联的许多县，
the Ku Klux Klan is really controlling 三k党确实控制着
the levers of power, 权力的杠杆，
and they are meting out their brand of vigilante justice. 他们打着维持治安的幌子。
1871年三月，白宫
弗雷德里克.道格拉斯 （著名的黑白混血的废奴主义者，作家）
‐ Mr. President. -总统先生。
You're thinking like a politician, not a general. 你的思维像个政客，而不是将军。
‐ Well, there's more than one way to get things done. ‐完成任务的方法不止一种。
‐ But these Ku Kluxers' minds won't be changed by words. ‐但这些三k党成员的想法，不会被言语所改变。
You of all people know that. 你最清楚这一点。
‐ Yes, and I know the misery that the use of force leads to. ‐是的，我知道使用武力带来的痛苦。
‐ That misery is all on my people's heads right now. ‐这种痛苦现在都在我同胞的头上。
Should we just wait, be patient? 我们还要耐心地等待吗？
‐ No. That wouldn't be fair. -不。那样不公平。
You will see the general in me soon enough. 你很快就会在我身上，看到将军的影子。
‐ Frederick Douglass,he understands -弗雷德里克·道格拉斯深知
Grant's huge popularity among the people, 格兰特在民众中的声望，
and he wants to help Grant 他希望帮助格兰特
be that next great American leader 成为下一个像乔治·华盛顿一样的
in the vein of a George Washington. 伟大美国领导人。
‐ But the question is,what exactly can he do ‐但问题是，他究竟能对
about the activities of the Klan? 三k党的猖獗活动做些什么呢?
Because this is, after all, a state matter. 因为这毕竟是一个州的事。
What Congress does is to equip Grant 国会所做的就是用
with the Ku Klux Klan Act. 三k党法案武装格兰特。
‐ Grant felt so strongly about the KKK Act 格兰特对《三k党法案》的态度非常强烈，
that he actually marched up to Capitol Hill 他甚至带着整个内阁
with his entire cabinet to lobby for it. 前往国会山进行游说。
This was a very powerful and sweeping act. 这是一次非常有力和彻底的行动。
‐ It allows Grant to declare martial law ‐它允许格兰特宣布戒严令，
and send federal troops in directly to intervene. 并派遣联邦军队直接干预。
1871年三月，白宫
‐ I've been there,seen it myself, Mr. President. ‐我亲历其中，亲眼所见，总统先生。 （刘易斯.梅里尔少校）
The Ku Kluxers are all over those towns. 三k党在那些城镇到处都是。
They're farmers,sheriffs, politicians. 他们中有农民、地方治安官,政治家。
‐ You served in the war, didn't you? ‐你参加过战争，是吗?
‐ Yes, sir.Missouri. -是的，先生。在密苏里州。
‐ And you faced your share of rebel guerillas there. ‐你们在那里面对的是叛军游击队。
How'd you deal with them? 你是怎么对付他们的?
‐ Well, sir, we had to find the enemy any way we could. ‐嗯，先生，我们必须尽我们所能，发现敌人。
We used informants, spies. 我们用了线人，间谍。
‐ Exactly. ‐ We had to gather information, -没错。 -我们得搜集情报，
identities, find out who the leaders were. 甄别，找出谁是领导人。
‐ And that's what you're gonna do now against the Klan. -你现在要做的就是，怎么对付三K党。
After you learn who your targets are, you'll strike. 当你认清楚了谁是目标，你就要出击。
And I don't care if they're doctors or farmers or lawyers. 我才不管他们是什么医生，农民或者什么狗屁律师。
You arrest them and try them. 你抓捕他们，审讯他们。
‐ Yes, sir. -是的，先生。
‐ You're gonna root them out, Merrill, -你要把他们连根拔除，梅里尔，
no matter what it takes. 要不惜代价。
‐ You can count on me, Mr. President. -你就放心吧，总统先生。
‐ And so in 1871, several companies ‐于是在1871年，第七骑兵队的几个连
of the Seventh Cavalry are sent into South Carolina, 被派往南卡罗来纳，
where, under Major Lewis Merrill, 在刘易斯·梅里尔少校的带领下，
they actually go out and begin arresting large numbers 他们开始逮捕大批三k党成员，
of Klan members to bring them to justice. 并将他们绳之以法。
‐ It took a lot of ‐这需要很多
counterintelligence operations, 反间谍行动，
of getting to know who the political leaders were, 搞清楚他们的政治领导人是谁,
getting to know who the Klan leaders were‐‐ 搞清楚谁是三K党的领导人...
a difficult thing to do, …这是一件很困难的事情，
but ultimately, Grant is going to be successful 但最终格兰特将成功
at defeating the Klan. 击败三k党。
‐ For all practical purposes, by 1872, ‐实际上，到1872年，
the operations of the Ku Klux Klan 三k党的活动
had been pretty successfully suppressed, 已被相当成功地镇压，
and it is one of the significant achievements 这是格兰特政府的
of Grant's administration. 重要成就之一。
‐ I think fighting and defeating ‐我认为打击并击败
the Klan is a big deal. 三k党是一件大事。
And so that Grant defeats the first wave of the Klan is, 格兰特击败了三k党的第一波浪潮，
I think, something that people 我认为这是人们
have not paid enough attention to. 没有足够重视的。
‐ And so the 1871 Klan Acts made it safe enough 因此，1871年通过的《三k党法案》，
for African‐Americans to vote in the South. 使非洲裔美国人在南方投票，变得足够安全。
But there was pushback, 但也有反对的声音，
and there was pushback in large part 很大程度上是因为，
because many people believed that Grant was overextending 很多人认为格兰特在《三k党法案》上
his hand with the Klan Acts. 越权了。
Many white Northerners, 许多北方白人，
including a fair number of Union soldiers, 包括相当数量的联邦士兵，
are never on board with occupying the South. 从不赞成占领南方。
They say, "If this can happen in the South, 他们说:“如果这能在南方发生，
why can't it happen in the North?" 为什么不能在北方发生呢?”
‐ And the country's also aware of the great cost ‐这个国家也意识到军事占领的
of this military occupation, 巨大代价，
the great cost of Reconstruction. 以及经历“重建时期”的巨大代价。
And quite frankly, they've grown weary of Reconstruction. 坦白说，他们已经厌倦了“重建时期”。
‐ Grant is well aware that public opinion 格兰特清楚地知道，
goes strongly against the use of federal troops 公众强烈反对，
just being sent in whenever there's some kind of emergency 在紧急情况和戒严令宣布时，
and martial law being declared. 派遣联邦军队。
In other words, he could wreck 换句话说，如果他过度
the entire Reconstruction project 使用《戒严令》这一武器，
if he reaches for the martial law weapon too much. 他可能会破坏整个重建计划。
‐ I thought I could run the government ‐我以为我可以像管理军队一样，
of the United States as I did the staff of my army. 管理美国。
It was my mistake, 这是我的错误，
and it led me into other mistakes. 它导致我犯了其他错误。
白宫
‐ What's this? ‐ Requests, Mr. President. -这是什么？ -请愿书，总统先生。
Suggestions for cabinet appointments. 关于内阁任命的建议。
Businessmen want to meet with you. 有商人想见你。
Another report of violence in the South. 另一份关于南方暴力事件的报道。
Sherman wants troops in the west to contain the Indians. 谢尔曼希望派军队，在西部牵制印第安人。
One of the Indians, a chief named Red Cloud, 一个叫“红云”的印第安酋长
wants to come to Washington to meet you. 想来华盛顿见你。
‐ When Grant is president,he's dealing with a host ‐格兰特当总统时，他要处理一系列
of issues with the Transcontinental Railroad, 与横贯大陆铁路有关的问题，
certainly with Native Americans. 当然还有与印第安人有关的问题。
He makes a pledge of leniency 他对印第安人 （卡罗琳 E.詹妮，导演，内战历史中心，弗吉尼亚州立大学）
and goodwill toward Native Americans 许下了宽容和善意的承诺， （卡罗琳 E.詹妮，导演，内战历史中心，弗吉尼亚州立大学）
which ultimately doesn't pan out. 但最终没有实现。
And we're moving into the period when industry 我们正在进入工业时代
and capitalism are coming to the forefront. 而资本主义走向前沿的时期。
‐ The economy in the North,in particular, had expanded ‐特别是北方的经济在战争期间
tremendously during the war. 得到了极大的发展。
So you have‐‐during Grant's presidency, 所以,你就... -在格兰特总统在位期间，
you have the beginnings of the rise of big business. 大企业开始崛起。
At the same time,there's an enormous expansion 与此同时，联邦政府 （罗恩.切尔诺夫，《格兰特》一书的作者）
of the federal government, 也在急剧扩张， （罗恩.切尔诺夫，《格兰特》一书的作者）
and there is much more opportunity 政府腐败的机会
for government corruption than before. 也比以前多了很多。
‐ Grant himself was not corrupt. ‐格兰特本人并不腐败。 （巴顿 A.梅耶斯，伦理学和历史学教授，华盛顿及李大学）
Ironically, his presidential administration goes down as one 讽刺的是，他的政府，现在回想起来，
that is remembered as being corrupt. 却被认为是腐败的。
‐ Grant thinks everybody has a good heart, ‐格兰特认为每个人都有一颗善良的心， （蒂莫西.B.史密斯，田纳西州立大学马丁分校历史教授）
everybody has as good a heart as he does. 每个人都和他一样，有一颗善良的心。 （蒂莫西.B.史密斯，田纳西州立大学马丁分校历史教授）
‐ Grant has a blind loyalty to people, 格兰特对人盲目信任，
and some of the people that he appointed were corrupt. 他任命的一些人是腐败的。
‐ You see that fierce loyalty with his secretary, ‐你可以看到他对秘书奥维尔·巴布科克的 （本.肯普，“美国”格兰特英雄事迹遗址小屋管理员）
Orville Babcock. 深信不疑。 （本.肯普，“美国”格兰特英雄事迹遗址小屋管理员）
Babcock was involved with the Whisky Ring, 巴布科克参与了威士忌集团，
which was government officials 该集团的政府官员
working with whiskey distributors 与威士忌批发商
and dealers to embezzle money 和经销商合作，
to the tune of $1 1/2 million a year, 每年贪污高达150万美元，
and it was a major,major scandal. 这是一桩非常非常严重的丑闻。
But Grant's loyalty was so strong, 但格兰特的信任如此强烈，
he vouched for Babcock. 他为巴布科克做了担保。
‐ There was an innocence about Grant, 格兰特身上有一种纯真，
and because he was not deceitful himself, 因为他自己并不欺骗人，
he had a lot of difficulty seeing that in other people. 所以他很难在别人身上，看到这种虚伪。
And everyone who knew Grant was mystified by his gullibility. 所有认识格兰特的人，都对他的轻信感到困惑。
‐ Corruption increasingly becomes a problem ‐随着贿赂日益明显，
as bribes become more evident. 腐败日益成为一个问题。
And so there is a cultural shift that's going on. 因此，态度上的转变正在发生。
‐ Voters take their frustrations to the polls 1874年的中期选举中，
in the midterm elections in 1874, 选民们带着他们的挫折感
and they put a Democratic majority, 来到了投票站，自内战以来，
for the first time since the Civil War, 他们第一次让民主党占据了
into the House of Representatives. 众议院的多数席位。
Once there's a Democratic majority 一旦民主党在众议院 （艾伦 C.盖尔佐，研究学者，普林斯顿大学）
in the House of Representatives, 占据多数席位，（艾伦 C.盖尔佐，研究学者，普林斯顿大学）
Grant finds himself crippled 格兰特发现自己在
in all of these Reconstruction measures. 所有这些“重建时期”措施中都陷入了困境。
‐ The notion that his administration ‐他的政府充满腐败的观念
is full of corruption leads people to doubt 导致人们怀疑他，
and to pull back from supporting him, 并不再支持他，
especially when it comes to Reconstruction. 特别是在涉及“重建时期”项目。
But Grant remained popular, 但是格兰特仍然很受欢迎，
and he certainly remained popular with Union veterans. 他当然也很受联邦军老兵的欢迎。
1875年九月，纽约州，尤蒂卡，老兵聚会
‐ Good to see you, sir.‐ Thank you. ‐很高兴见到你，长官。‐谢谢。
‐ You're too good to your country. ‐你对你的国家太好了。
Good men. Good men and true. 好人。真诚的好人。
‐ Thank you, sir. ‐ It's nice to meet you, sir. ‐谢谢您，先生。‐很高兴见到您，先生。
‐ Pleased to meet you,President Grant. ‐很高兴见到您，格兰特总统。
I fought with General Thomas over in Chattanooga. 我在查塔努加和托马斯将军打过仗。
‐ I won't forget you, soldier. ‐我不会忘记你的，士兵。
‐ Thank you, sir. Thank you. ‐谢谢你，长官，谢谢你。
‐ Excuse me, gentlemen. ‐ General. ‐打扰一下，先生们。 -将军。
‐ In September 1875, -在1875年九月，
Grant gets an appeal from -格兰特收到了
Governor Adelbert Ames of Mississippi, 密西西比州州长阿德尔伯特·艾姆斯的请求，
and Ames says that there's already so much violence 艾姆斯说，在11月的选举之前，
ahead of the November elections. 已经发生了很多暴力事件。
And so he asks Grant to send down federal troops. 所以他要求格兰特派遣联邦军队。
‐ There's a real pushback ‐对南方的任何进一步干预
to any more intervention in the South. 都有真正的阻力。
Many white Northerners say enough is enough. 许多北方白人说，这已经够了。
There's a notion that corruption abounds 有一种观念认为，联邦政府
in the federal government,and there's no longer 腐败泛滥，北方白人
a real willingness of white Northerners to say, 不再真正愿意说，
"More needs to be done for African‐Americans." “需要为非洲裔美国人做更多的事情。”
‐ So now Grant has to weigh what intervention in the South ‐所以现在格兰特必须权衡，对南方的干预，
will mean at the polls 从投票上来说， （布莱恩.马修.乔丹，历史学教授，萨姆休斯顿州立大学）
in Northern states for Republicans. 对北方各州的共和党人来说意味着什么。 （布莱恩.马修.乔丹，历史学教授，萨姆休斯顿州立大学）
Do you sacrifice the Republican Party, 你们是要牺牲掉共和党，
and the only party that's supporting 这个唯一支持
and defending African‐American voting rights, 和捍卫非裔美国人投票权的政党，
or do you capitulate to this terrorism 还是站在南方的立场上，
on the ground in the South? 向恐怖主义投降？
‐ It was duty on one side and party obligation on the other. -一方面是职责，而另一方面是本党的义务。
Between the two, I hesitated. 在两者之间，我犹豫了。
If a mistake was made, 如果犯了错误，
it was one of the head and not of the heart. 那是头脑上的错误，而不是良心上的错误。
Tell the governor of Mississippi 告诉密西西比州州长
that I won't be sending troops. 我不会派遣军队。
I should not have yielded. 我不应该屈服。
It requires no prophet to foresee that the results 不需要预言家，就能预见到，
of the war would be in large measure lost. 战争的结果，将在很大程度上造成损失。
‐ And so after Grant leaves office, ‐因此，格兰特离任后，
Reconstruction is effectively over. 重建工作实际上已经结束。
‐ Grant is not the one who abandoned Reconstruction. ‐格兰特不是放弃重建的人。
The American people abandoned Reconstruction, 是美国人民放弃了重建计划，
and he just couldn't rally them back in 而格兰特无法将人民重新召集起来， （克里斯蒂.科尔曼，首席执行官，美国内战博物馆）
because of the swirl of things around him. 因为他身边的事情纷繁复杂。 （克里斯蒂.科尔曼，首席执行官，美国内战博物馆）
And the abandonment 这种抛弃
was also an abandonment of the ideals behind it, 也是对其背后的理念的抛弃，
which was really equality for everyone. 也就是真正的人人平等的理念。
And when that was abandoned, 当这个理念被抛弃时，
the remnants of this white supremacy 白人至上主义的残余观念
was able to reemerge. 得以重新出现。
The subjugation of black people 对黑人的压制被容许，
was allowed to reassert itself unchecked. 白人可以不受限制地重申自己的地位。
It will take another 100 years 人们还需要100年的时间,
of people pushing against status quo 来反对现状，
before we can even get to a point where we get Congress 直到我们能让国会
to actually enforce the amendments of Reconstruction. 真正执行《重建法案》的修正案。
‐ But Grant's presidency,in many ways, -但格兰特作为总统，从很多方面来说，
was a heroic presidency. 都是一个英勇的总统。
All of these things that he accomplished, 他所取得的所有成就，
he didn't accomplish because 都不是因为
he was pursuing fame or money or power. 他追求名利或权力。
All these things that he accomplished 这些成就，都是在他
were just in the course of doing his patriotic duty. 履行一位爱国者的义务过程中完成的。
‐ He was probably the most respected man ‐他可能是最受尊敬的人，
and maybe the only who could have led at those times, 也可能是那个时代唯一能领导的人，
and look what he does. 看看他做了什么。
He starts the Justice Department. 他成立了司法部。
Then he battles the Ku Klux Klan. 他与三K党作斗争。
He passes the 15th Amendment. 他签署了十五个宪法修正案。
Under his watch,the nation advances, 在他的领导下，国家取得了进步， （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
and he does not just one but two terms. 而他的任期不止一届，而是两届。 （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
And yet ultimately, I don't really think 但归根结底，不论从哪方面讲，
he was a political animal in any sense. 我都真的不认为，他是一个政治动物。
‐ Personally, I was weary of office. -从个人角度上讲，我已经厌倦了我的职位。
I never wanted to get out of a place 我从来没有像现在，想离开总统宝座那样，
as much as I did the presidency. 想离开一个地方。
‐ Grant felt, especially in his second term, -格兰特觉得，尤其是在他的第二个任期里，
he felt that was in jail every single day. 他觉得自己每天都在监狱里。
In fact, he used that in a letter: 事实上，他在一封信中用过这句话: （琼.沃，《“美国”格兰特，美国英雄，美国神话》一书的作者）
"I'm breaking out of jail." “我要越狱了。” （琼.沃，《“美国”格兰特，美国英雄，美国神话》一书的作者）
He couldn't wait to leave,and he planned to travel. 他等不及要离开了，他打算去旅行。
He loved to travel.He loved to be on the move. 他喜欢旅行。他喜欢四处奔波。
And he and Julia spent two years 他和茱莉亚花了两年时间
traveling around the world. 环游世界。
He went to India. 他去了印度。
He went to China.He went to Japan. 他去了中国。他去了日本。
‐ And in every country where he goes, ‐每到一个国家，
he's received by tremendous crowds. 他都会受到大量群众的欢迎。
So routinely, 100,000,200,000, 250,000 people 沿途有，十万，二十万，二十五万人
would pour into the streets. 会涌上街头。
So clearly,after Abraham Lincoln, 很明显，在亚伯拉罕·林肯之后，
the one name that the world knew was Ulysses S. Grant. 全世界都知道的名字就是:尤利西斯 S.格兰特。
‐ When Grant returns to the United States 两年的世界巡演结束后，
after his two‐year world tour,he is looking for an income. 格兰特回到美国，他正在寻找一份收入。
Presidents had no pension at the time, 当时的总统没有养老金，
and his son Ulysses Jr. 他的儿子小尤利西斯。
Had gotten involved in Wall Street. 和华尔街方面取得了联系。
So Grant and his son started a partnership for a firm 于是，格兰特和他的儿子与一位名叫费迪南德.沃德的人
with a man named Ferdinand Ward, 合伙成立了一家公司。
an up‐and‐coming phenom in the Wall Street market. 沃德是华尔街市场上一位崭露头角的杰出人物。
The principal members are given allowances 主要成员每月可获津贴
of $3,000 a month. 3,000美元。
There's just money rolling in. 钱滚滚而来。
1884年五月6日，纽约市
‐ Father... we need to speak. -父亲……我们得谈谈。
‐ What is it? -这是怎么了？
‐ Ward is gone. -沃德逃跑了。
He's taken the money. 他把钱也卷走了。
Everything's lost... everything. 什么钱都没了...一切都没了。
‐ And it turned out that Ferdinand Ward ‐事实证明，费迪南德·沃德就是
was the Bernie Madoff of his day. 他那个时代的伯尼·麦道夫。
The whole thing was a big Ponzi scheme. 整件事就是一个庞氏骗局。
Grant woke up one morning only to discover 格兰特某天早上醒来，发现
that he was worth exactly $80 自己只剩下80美元，
and Julia was worth exactly $130. 茱莉亚也就有130美元。
He was wiped out. 他彻底破产了。
All his children were wiped out. 他所有的孩子也都破产了。
‐ What's the matter, Ulys? You look ill. ‐怎么了，尤利斯? 你看起来生病了。
‐ I must speak with you. ‐我必须和你谈谈。
‐ Of course. What is it? -当然可以。谈什么？
‐ This morning, I was a wealthy man. ‐今天早上，我还是个有钱人。
And now I've lost everything. 现在我失去了一切。
就在格兰特发生财务危机的两个月后，在纽约市
‐ So what brings the famous Mark Twain to my parlor? ‐是什么风把著名的马克·吐温吹到我的客厅来了?
‐ General... -将军...
a reason for my visit. 这是我来访的原因。
I hear you've agreed to write your memoirs 我听说你有意为《世纪》杂志
for "The Century" magazine. 写回忆录。
‐ They've made me an offer. -他们给我付佣金。
‐ And what royalty have they promised you? ‐他们承诺给你多少版税?
‐ 10%.
‐ General, they are treating you ‐将军，他们对待你
as if you were a private in an army 就好像你是一个军队中默默无闻的
nobody ever heard of. 小兵。
Let me make you a better offer.‐ But you're too late, Clemens. 让我给你个更好的提议。 ‐但你来晚了，克莱门斯。
I have committed to "Century's" publisher, 我已经和《世纪》出版社签约了，
and I can't go back on my word. 我不能食言。
‐ Let me publish your memoirs. ‐让我出版你的回忆录。
I promise, you'll leave your family well off 我保证，你的故事会让你的家庭更加富裕，
and the nation richer for your story. 让国家更加富裕。
‐ In 1884, Ulysses S. Grant, -1884年，内战将军、
Civil War general and two‐term president 两届美国总统尤利西斯 S.格兰特
of the United States,was now faced with poverty. 正在面临着贫困。
And Sam Clemens,better known as Mark Twain, 山姆·克莱门斯，也就是大家熟知的马克·吐温， （本.肯普，“美国”格兰特英雄事迹遗址小屋管理员）
arrived at his home to see if he could help Grant 来到格兰特的家，想看看能不能帮格兰特 （本.肯普，“美国”格兰特英雄事迹遗址小屋管理员）
by having him write his memoirs 写回忆录，
and leave a lasting legacy of how he saw the war 留下他如何看待这场战争
and how he saw one of the most pivotal moments 以及他如何看待，美国历史上最关键的时刻的
in American history. 不朽遗产。
So eventually, Grant did go with Twain's offer 因此，格兰特最终还是答应了吐温的提议，
to make money for his family to save them from poverty. 为他的家人赚钱，使他们免于贫困。
‐ But during the summer before he started writing, ‐但在他开始写作之前的那个夏天，
he bites into a peach, and he says that somehow 他咬了一个桃子，他说不知怎么的，
something stung him from the peach in his throat 有东西从他喉咙里的桃子刺了他。
and he can't figure out what it is. 他不知道那是什么。
He sees a doctor,and at that point, 他去看了医生，那个时候，
they realize that it's cancer and that they can't operate. 医生们意识到这是癌症，不能动手术了。
So he realizes that it's fatal. 所以，他意识到这是致命的。
‐ What is to be my fate? ‐我的命运将会怎样?
Will I have to lay awake again? 我还得躺着睡不着吗?
Making it a study how to get a breath 把它作为一种学习如何呼吸的方法，
is about as much as I could stand 就相当于我能忍受
to go through another night. 再过一个晚上。
‐ Grant wrote the memoirs under horrific conditions. ‐格兰特在可怕的条件下写回忆录。
He said that every time he drank a glass of water, 他说，每次他喝一杯水，
it was like drinking a glass of molten lead. 就像喝了一杯熔化的铅。 （罗恩.切尔诺夫，《格兰特》一书的作者）
This was a truly heroic effort of Grant in agonizing pain, 这是格兰特在痛苦中真正英勇的努力， （罗恩.切尔诺夫，《格兰特》一书的作者）
writing the memoirs. 写回忆录。
And he literally willed himself to stay alive. 他真的是想让自己活下来。
‐ And it's the final battle of his life, ‐这是他生命中的最后一场战斗，
the battle to outrace his terminal cancer 为了完成他的回忆录和
in order to finish his memoirs 拯救他的家庭免于破产 （伊丽莎白.D.萨莫特，编辑，《尤利西斯.S.格兰特回忆录注释》）
and rescue his family from bankruptcy. 而战胜晚期癌症的战斗。 （伊丽莎白.D.萨莫特，编辑，《尤利西斯.S.格兰特回忆录注释》）
‐ But as everything else in his life, ‐但就像他生活中的其他事情一样，
he did not let it defeat him. 他没有让它打败他。
In the end, he would prevail,and he would finish the book. 最后，他会获胜，他会完成这本书。
‐ These volumes are dedicated to the American soldier ‐这部书献给美国的士兵和水兵们，
and sailor, U. S. Grant, 1885. “美国”格兰特，1885年。
1885年，七月23日
‐ He dies three days after writing the last page, -格兰特在写完最后一页的三天后去世， （艾伦 C.盖尔佐，研究学者，普林斯顿大学）
and Twain realizes at once that what Grant has written 马克·吐温立刻意识到，格兰特所写的是
is a monument in American literature. 美国文学的一座丰碑。
‐ My family is American and has been for generations. ‐我的家庭是美国人，祖祖辈辈都是。
In all its branches, direct... ‐ This memoir 在它的所有分支中，直接… ‐这本回忆录
is hugely important and hugely powerful. 非常重要，非常有力量。
It earns over half a million dollars for Julia, 它为茱莉亚赚了50多万美元，
which, of course, in today's money, would be much more. 当然，以今天的面值来说，这要多得多。
It's very successful,and people read it everywhere. 它非常成功，到处都有人读它。
I think something people tend to forget now 我想现在人们往往会忘记的一点是，
is that Grant, at his death, 格兰特去世时，
was arguably the most famous American in the world. 可以说是世界上最著名的美国人。
‐ The response to his death was amazing. ‐人们对他的去世，反应惊人。
The national funeral which took place in New York City 当天在纽约市举行的国葬开始时，
that day began with bells ringing all over the country, 全国上下的钟声响起，
North and South. 包括南方和北方。
It was just a national outpouring of grief for him. 这只是全国上下对他的哀悼。
纽约市，格兰特墓
‐ In 1900, Theodore Roosevelt ‐1900年，西奥多·罗斯福认为
suggested that Grant, Lincoln, and Washington 格兰特、林肯和华盛顿
loomed as the three great heroes of American history. 是美国历史上的三大英雄。
So even as late as the turn of the century, 所以即使到了世纪之交，
he's part of this heroic firmament. 他仍然是英雄的一部分。
And then in the decades that follow, 在接下来的几十年里，
that diminishes rapidly. 这种形象迅速消褪。
‐ What happened was that the history of the war -事实是，战争的历史是由 （琼.沃，《“美国”格兰特，美国英雄，美国神话》一书的作者）
came to be written by a lot of pro‐Southern historians 许多亲南方的历史学家写的，他们有着
who exercise a powerful sway. 强烈的偏向性。
It's often called the Lost Cause. 这通常被称为注定失败的事业。
‐ The Lost Cause narrative ‐“注定失败的事业”的说法
is really an effort of the South to say, 实际上是南方的一种声嘶力竭的辩驳，
"How did we sacrifice so much for a cause so bad as slavery?" 它其实在说:“我们是如何为奴隶制这样糟糕的事业， （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
So they changed the narrative. 做出如此大的牺牲的?” （道格.杜德斯，退役海军陆战队上校，美国战争学院教授）
"No, no, it was about state's rights and independence." “不，不，这事关各州的权利和独立。”
And so that narrative 这样的说法就成为了
has become the predominant narrative, 主流的说法，
and I think a part of it that gets buried in there 我认为其中的一部分被湮没就是
is the role of Grant. 格兰特所起的作用。
‐ There were three separate attacks on his legacy. -对于他所留下的事迹，有三种独立攻击。
Grant is known by many as the butcher. 格兰特被很多人称为屠夫。
Grant is known as the drunk.Grant is known as the corrupt. 格兰特被称为酒鬼。格兰特被称为腐败之徒。
‐ Everything else gets stripped away, ‐把其他的一切都被剥离了，
and you've got the guy that won the Civil War 你看到的是一个赢得了内战的人，
and he was an alcoholic and a failed president. 一个酒鬼，一个失败的总统。
‐ And the Lost Cause casts Grant as the villain ‐在注定失败的事业的“演员表”中，格兰特扮演着反派，
and Lee as the hero. 李将军却扮演着英雄。
So once the memory of that generation 因此，一旦崇拜他的那一代人的记忆过去，
that venerated him passed on, he was forgotten. 他就被遗忘了。
‐ And so Confederates lost the Civil War, ‐所以，南部邦联军在内战中虽然战败了，
but they certainly won the war of myth. 但他们肯定赢得了神话里战争。
And Grant was on the wrong side of that myth. 格兰特站在了这个神话的反面。
1885年七月
就在格兰特临终的前三个星期时，
‐ Shall I read one to you? ‐要我念一篇给你听吗?
This one's from a Confederate soldier. 这是一个南方邦联士兵写的。
Ulys? 尤里斯？
"Dear General Grant, I hope you will allow one who, “亲爱的格兰特将军，我希望您允许一个人，
"when a boy, laid down his arms at Appomattox “当他还是个小伙子时，他在阿波马托克斯放下武器
"and pledged allegiance to the Union “宣誓效忠联邦，
to express his warmest sympathy..." 表达他最热烈的赞扬…”
‐ For you and your suffering. ‐为你和你的痛苦。
I have watched your movements 从你把马和剑还给我，
from the hour you gave me my horse and sword 让我回家帮忙收割庄稼的那一刻起，
and told me to go home and assist in making a crop. 我就一直注意着你的一举一动。
I have been proud to see the nation do you honor. 我很自豪地看到国家为你授勋。
And now, dear General, in the hour of your pain, 现在，亲爱的将军，在你痛苦的时刻，
I weep that so brave, 我为一个像你这样，如此勇敢，
so magnanimous a soul must suffer as you do. 如此宽宏大量的灵魂，所遭受的痛苦而哭泣。
‐ There's something, like, really beautiful and American ‐在他的整个故事中，有一些非常美丽和
in his whole story. 非常美国的东西。
He just comes from nothing. 他就是白手起家。
‐ From the hardscrabble background ‐出身贫寒，
who's had a lot of hard times and failures in his life, 一生经历过许多艰难困苦和失败，
who rises to the highest level of power, 却升至权力的巅峰，
becomes the greatest general of his time. 成为那个时代最伟大的将军。
‐ Against all odds, against incredible obstacles, -克服了各种不幸，克服了难以置信的障碍，
he became the winning general of the Civil War. 他成为了内战的常胜将军。
‐ He was the commander of the victorious army ‐他是带领了一支靠胜利
that led to the emancipation of 4 million people. 解放了400万人民的军队的指挥官。
‐ Grant is the unheroic hero ‐在我们最伟大的国家的
of our greatest national epic, 史诗的内战与重建的篇章中，
the Civil War and Reconstruction. 格兰特是最不像英雄的英雄。
‐ He was committed ‐他致力于使美国
to making America fully just, fully equal. 完全公正、完全平等。
‐ Grant was the first civil rights president. ‐格兰特是第一位民权总统。
‐ It's as improbable a rise ‐与美国历史上其他任何人物一样，
as any other figure in American history. 他的崛起，看似不可能。
‐ Indomitable will. ‐ Dogged determination. -不屈不挠的意志。 -顽强的决心。
‐ Moral vision. ‐ He's a fighter. -道德高尚。 -他是一位斗士。
‐ It's truly an American story ‐这是一个真正的美国故事，
of not only patriotism to the nation 不仅是对国家的爱国主义，
but for the values, 也是为了确立我们的价值观，
who we are and who we aspire to be. 我们的本性及希望成为什么样的人。
‐ One of my superstitions has always been, ‐我的一直有这样一个信念，
when I started to go anywhere or to do anything, 当我开始去任何地方或做任何事情时，
never to turn back or stop 在计划完成之前
until the thing intended was accomplished. 绝不回头或停下。
格兰特 翻译：hardstick 校订：hardstick (全剧完)